Description | |
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CatalogueNumber | MAB348-100UL |
BrandFamily | Chemicon® |
TradeName |
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Description | Anti-APPA4Antibody,a.a.66-81ofAPP(NT),clone22C11 |
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BackgroundInformation | AmyloidPrecursorProtein(APP)isexpressedinthebrain,kidney,heart,andspleenoffetaltissues;itisinducedduringneuronaldifferentiation.Themost-substantiatedroleforAPPisinsynapticformationandrepair;itsexpressionisupregulatedduringneuronaldifferentiationandafterneuralinjury.Inadultbrain,highestexpressionofAPPisfoundinthefrontallobeofthecortex.Moderateexpressionisobservedinthecerebellarcortex,theposteriorperisylviancortex-operculargyriandthetemporalassociatedcortex.DefectsinAPPareacauseofautosomaldominantAlzheimer"sdisease(AD).DepositsofamyloidproteininsenileplaquesnearnerveprocessesarefoundinthebrainsofagedhumansandincasesofAlzheimer"sdisease.Theprinciplecomponentofthisextracellularamyloidisbeta/A4,a4kDapeptidederivedfromthelargerAPP.Thecreation,transportandfunctionoftheseproteinsarecurrentlyunderinvestigation. |
ProductInformation | |
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Format | Ascites |
Control |
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Presentation | UnpurifiedascitesmousemonoclonalIgG1containingnopreservatives. |
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StorageConditions | Stablefor1yearat-20ºCfromdateofreceipt. |
BIOLOGicalInformation | |
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Immunogen | PurifiedrecombinantAlzheimerprecursorA4(preA4695)fusionprotein. |
Epitope | a.a.66-81ofAPP(N-terminus) |
Clone | 22C11 |
Concentration | PleaserefertotheCertificateofAnalysisforthelot-specificconcentration. |
Host | Mouse |
Specificity | Reactswithpre-A4.TheantibodyrecognizesaN-terminalepitopeonthepre-A4molecule |
Isotype | IgG1 |
SpeciesReactivity |
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AntibodyType | MonoclonalAntibody |
EntrezGeneNumber | |
EntrezGeneSummary | Thisgeneencodesacellsurfacereceptorandtransmembraneprecursorproteinthatiscleavedbysecretasestoformanumberofpeptides.SomeofthesepeptidesaresecretedandcanbindtotheacetyltransferasecomplexAPBB1/TIP60topromotetranscriptionalactivation,whileothersformtheproteinbasisoftheamyloidplaquesfoundinthebrainsofpatientswithAlzheimerdisease.MutationsinthisgenehavebeenimplicatedinautosomaldominantAlzheimerdiseaseandcerebroarterialamyloidosis(cerebralamyloidangiopathy).Multipletranscriptvariantsencodingseveraldifferentisoformshavebeenfoundforthisgene. |
GeneSymbol |
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PurificationMethod | Unpurified |
UniProtNumber | |
UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:SwissProt:P05067#Thegamma-CTFpeptidesaswellasthecaspase-cleavedpeptides,includingC31,arepotentenhancersofneuronalapoptosis. SIZE:770aminoacids;86943Da SUBUNIT:Binds,viaitsC-terminus,tothePIDdomainofseveralcytoplasmicproteins,includingAPBBfamilymembers,theAPBAfamily,MAPK8IP1,SHC1and,NumbandDab1(Bysimilarity).BindingtoDab1inhibitsitsserinephosphorylation(Bysimilarity).AlsointeractswithGPCR-likeproteinBPP,FPRL1,APPBP1,IB1,KNS2(viaitsTPRdomains)(Bysimilarity),APPBP2(viaBaSS)andDDB1.Invitro,itbindsMAPTviatheMT-bindingdomains(Bysimilarity).AssociateswithmicrotubulesinthepresenceofATPandinakinesin-dependentmanner(Bysimilarity).Interacts,throughaC-terminaldomain,withGNAO1.Amyloidbeta-42bindsCHRNA7inhippocampalneurons.Beta-amyloidassociateswithHADH2.SolubleAPPbinds,viaitsN-terminalhead,toFBLN1.InteractswithCPEB1(Bysimilarity). SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Membrane;Single-passtypeImembraneprotein.Note=Cellsurfaceproteinthatrapidlybecomesinternalizedviaclathrin-coatedpits.Duringmaturation,theimmatureAPP(N-glycosylatedintheendoplasmicreticulum)movestotheGolgicomplexwherecompletematurationoccurs(O-glycosylatedandsulfated).Afteralpha-secretasecleavage,solubleAPPisreleasedintotheextracellularspaceandtheC-terminalisinternalizedtoendosomesandlysosomes.SomeAPPaccumulatesinsecretorytransportvesiclesleavingthelateGolgicompartmentandreturnstothecellsurface.Gamma-CTF(59)peptideislocatedtoboththecytoplasmandnucleiofneurons.ItcanbetranslocatedtothenucleusthroughassociationwithFe65.Beta-APP42associateswithFRPL1atthecellsurfaceandthecomplexisthenrapidlyinternalized.APPsortstothebasolateralsurfaceinepithelialcells.Duringneuronaldifferentiation,theThr-743phosphorylatedformislocatedmainlyingrowthcones,moderatelyinneuritesandsparinglyinthecellbody.Caseinkinasephosphorylationcanoccureitheratthecellsurfaceorwithinapost-Golgicompartment. TISSUESPECIFICITY:Expressedinallfetaltissuesexaminedwithhighestlevelsinbrain,kidney,heartandspleen.Weakexpressioninliver.Inadultbrain,highestexpressionfoundinthefrontallobeofthecortexandintheanteriorperisylviancortex-operculargyri.Moderateexpressioninthecerebellarcortex,theposteriorperisylviancortex-operculargyriandthetemporalassociatedcortex.Weakexpressionfoundinthestriate,extra-striateandmotorcortices.IsoformAPP695isthepredominantforminneuronaltissue,isoformAPP751andisoformAPP770arewidelyexpressedinnon-neuronalcells.IsoformAPP751isthemostabundantforminT-lymphocytes.Appicanisexpressedinastrocytes. DOMAIN:SwissProt:P05067Thebasolateralsortingsignal(BaSS)isrequiredforsortingofmembraneproteinstothebasolateralsurfaceofepithelialcells.&TheNPXYsequencemotiffoundinmanytyrosine-phosphorylatedproteinsisrequiredforthespecificbindingofthePIDdomain.However,additionalaminoacidseitherN-orC-terminaltotheNPXYmotifareoftenrequiredforcompleteinteraction.ThePIDdomain-containingproteinswhichbindAPPrequiretheYENPTYmotifforfullinteraction.Theseinteractionsareindependentofphosphorylationontheterminaltyrosineresidue.TheNPXYsiteisalsoinvolvedinclathrin-mediatedendocytosis. PTM:Proteolyticallyprocessedundernormalcellularconditions.Cleavagebyalpha-secretaseoralternativelybybeta-secretaseleadstogenerationandextracellularreleaseofsolubleAPPpeptides,S-APP-alphaandS-APP-beta,respectively,andtheretentionofcorrespondingmembrane-anchoredC-terminalfragments,C83andC99.SubsequentprocessingofC83bygamma-secretaseyieldsP3peptides.Thisisthemajorsecretorypathwayandisnon-amyloidogenic.Alternatively,presenilin/nicastrin-mediatedgamma-secretaseprocessingofC99releasestheamyloidbetaproteins,amyloid-beta40(Abeta40)andamyloid-beta42(Abeta42),majorcomponentsofamyloidplaques,andthecytotoxicC-terminalfragments,gamma-CTF(50),gamma-CTF(57)andgamma-CTF(59).&Proteolyticallycleavedbycaspasesduringneuronalapoptosis.CleavageatAsp-739byeithercaspase-6,-8or-9resultsintheproductionoftheneurotoxicC31peptideandtheincreasedproductionofbeta-amyloidpeptides.&N-andO-glycosylated.O-linkageofchondroitinsulfatetotheL-APPisoformsproducestheAPPproteoglycancoreproteins,theappicans.Thechondroitinsulfatechainofappicanscontains4-O-sulfatedgalactoseinthelinkageregionandchondroitinsulfateEintherepeateddisaccharideregion(Bysimilarity).&PhosphorylationintheC-terminalontyrosine,threonineandserineresiduesisneuron-specific.PhosphorylationcanaffectAPPprocessing,neuronaldifferentiationandinteractionwithotherproteins.PhosphorylatedonThr-743inneuronalcellsbyCdc5kinaseandMapk10,individingcellsbyCdc2kinaseinacell-cycledependentmannerwithmaximallevelsattheG2/Mphaseand,invitro,byGSK-3-beta.TheThr-743phosphorylatedformcausesaconformationalchangewhichreducesbindingofFe65familymembers.PhosphorylationonTyr-757isrequiredforSHCbinding.Phosphorylatedintheextracellulardomainbycaseinkinasesonbothsolubleandmembrane-boundAPP.Thisphosphorylationisinhibitedbyheparin.&Extracellularbindingandreductionofcopper,resultsinacorrespondingoxidationofCys-144andCys-158,andtheformationofadisulfidebond.Invitro,theAPP-Cu(+)complexinthepresenceofhydrogenperoxideresultsinanincreasedproductionofbeta-amyloid-containingpeptides. DISEASE:SwissProt:P05067#DefectsinAPPareacauseofautosomaldominantAlzheimerdisease(AD)[MIM:104300].ADisthemostprevelantformofdementia,characterizedbyneurofibrillarytanglesandamyloidplaquesdepositioninthebrain.IdenticallesionsoccurintheneuronsofagedDownsyndromebutatanearlieragethaninAD.Themajorconstituentoftheseneuriticplaquesistheneurotoxicamyloid-beta-APP40-42peptide(s),derivedproteolyticallyfromthetransmembraneprecursorproteinAPPbysequentialsecretaseprocessing.Mutationsoccurringatthebeta-amyloidN-terminal,suchastheSwedishdoublemutation,appeartoincreaselevelsofbeta-amyloidbyfacilitatingbeta-secretasecleavageresultinginelevatedlevelsofbothbeta-APP42andbeta-APP40.ThecytotoxicC-terminalfragments(CTFs)andthecaspase-cleavedproductssuchasC31,arealsoimplicatedinADneuronaldeath.AlzheimerdiseasecausedbymutationsinAPPisarareoccurrenceandusuallycausesthefamilialorearly-onsetformofthedisease(FAD).Flemish-typeADischaracterizedby,inadditiontopreseniledementia,cerebralhemorrhagingduetocerebralamyloidangiopathywhichissimilarto,butdistinctfrom,cerebroarterialamyloidosisDutchtype.Onlyabout5%ofallcasesofAlzheimerdiseasearecausedbyFADmutations,therestaresporADIc.&DefectsinAPParethecauseofhereditarycerebralhemorrhagewithamyloidosisDutchtype(HCHWAD)[MIM:609065].HCHWADischaracterizedbyamyloiddepositsincerebralvessels.Theprincipalclinicalcharacteristicsarerecurringcerebralhemorrhages,sometimesprecededbymigrainousheadachesormentalcleavage.Beta-APP40isthepredominantformofcerebrovascularamyloid.&DefectsinAPParethecauseofhereditarycerebroarterialamyloidosisIowatype[MIM:605714].HereditarycerebroarterialamyloidosisIowatypeisanautosomaldominantdementiabeginninginthesixthorseventhdecadeoflife.Thepatientshaveprogressiveaphasicdementia,leukoencephalopathy,andoccipitalcalcifications.Theydonotpresentcerebralhemorrhaging. SIMILARITY:BelongstotheAPPfamily.&Contains1BPTI/Kunitzinhibitordomain. MISCELLANEOUS:Chelationofmetalions,notablycopper,ironandzinc,caninducehistidine-bridgingbetweenbeta-amyloidmoleculesresultinginbeta-amyloid-metalaggregates.Theaffinityforcopperismuchhigherthanforothertransientmetalsandisincreasedunderacidicconditions.Extracellularzinc-bindingincreasesbindingofheparintoAPPandinhibitscollagen-binding. |
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2006年,在完成了对Chemicon、Upstate、Linco等著名品牌的收购之后,密理博生物科学部除了提供传统的除菌过滤、超滤、蛋白质转印、免疫诊断、环境监测等分离纯化产品和技术之外,更增加了实验室研究所需的各种检测试剂、细胞培养产品,主要覆盖干细胞、神经生物学、肿瘤、细胞信号转导、药物开发等领域,从而成为生命科学领域的策略性供应商,为您提供更广泛的研发工具,同步共享全球专业技术,提升您的科研平台,加速您的科研进程。该部门拥有的著名品牌有:Millex、Millicell、Amicon、Durapore、Multiscreen、Montage、Multiplex、Stericup、Chemicon、Upstate、4G10、Luminex、Catch、Release和Beadlyte等。
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