Background
Using synthetic biology methods, the Escherichia coli K-12 genome was reduced by making a series of planned, precise deletions. The multiple-deletion series (MDS™) strains (1), with genome reduction of up to 15%, were designed by identifying non-essential genes and sequences for elimination, including recombinogenic or mobile DNA and cryptic virulence genes, while preserving robust growth and protein production. Genome reduction also led to unanticipated beneficial properties, including high electroporation efficiency and accurate propagation of recombinant genes and plasmids that are unstable in other strains. Subsequent deletions and introduction of useful alleles produce strains suitable for many molecular biology applications. Recently, Scarab has built on the MDS™42 foundation strain, by creating the MDS™42 Meta LowMut ΔrecA strain. It improves the already low mutation rate of the MDS™42 foundation strain. The MDS™42 Meta LowMut ΔrecA strain has been engineered to greatly reduce error-prone repair, which reduces the mutation rate to almost zero, even under the most stressful conditions, thus ensuring the most accurate replication of your plasmid. In addition, its metabolism has been optimized to enable ULTRA high density fermentation ~300 OD600 in minimal media at the 10 liter scale, which in turn enables ULTRA high biotherapeutic yields, protein or plasmid.
Figures
Figure 1. MDS™42 Meta LowMut ΔrecA has the Lowest Mutation Rate Under Stress. Mutation rates of various strains under unstressed and stressful conditions were determined. Stress conditions include overproduction of GFP, overproduction of a toxic peptide from pSG-ORF238 and treatment with mitomycin-C. All measurements were made using the cycA fluctuation assay, error bars represent 95% confidence intervals for the average of 3 independent measurements. BL21(DE3) failed to grow in the presence of 0.1 μg/ml mitomycin-C. ANOVA revealed a significance of p < 0.0001. Pairwise t-tests were conducted for each strain under a given condition compared to the corresponding MDS™42_lowmut strain. Figure 2: Non-Expressing Plasmid Mutations Accumulate rapidly in BL21(DE3), When a Toxic Methyltransferase is Overproduced. SinI methyltransferase was expressed from pSin32. Plasmids were isolated at various intervals and screened (by transformation in McrBC+ and McrBC- hosts) for mutations resulting in loss of function of the enzyme. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals for the average of 3 independent measurements of mutant plasmid ratios. ANOVA revealed a significance of p < 0.005. Pairwise t-tests of each MDS™42_lowmut_mcrBC sample were done with the corresponding MDS™42 mcrBC and BL21(DE3) mcrBC sample, respectively. Starting from 10 hours, all MDS™42_lowmut_mcrBC samples differed significantly from the MDS™42 mcrBC (p < 0.01) or BL21(DE3) mcrBC (p < 0.005) samples. Figure 3: Multiple Deletion Strains tolerate "deleterious” genes. A chimeric gene composed of VP60 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus fused to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTX) was very unstable in E. coli. Individually, both genes were stable in E. coli HB101, C600 and DH10B, but pCTXVP60 carrying the fusion gene in the same hosts did not produce fusion protein and was recovered in low yields. All recovered plasmids contained mutations in the CTXVP60 open reading frame, virtually all resulting from IS insertions. In contrast, the recombinant plasmid was completely stable in MDS™; normal yields of plasmid DNA were obtained. Representative restriction patterns of pCTXVP60. (A) Plasmid DNA from MDS™42 was transformed and propagated in the indicated host, then digested with NcoI and EcoRI. A representative of each restriction pattern was purified and sequenced. M, molecular weight marker, 1 kbp ladder; 1, MDS™41, no insertion; 2, MDS™42, no insertion; 3, DH10B, IS10 insertion; 4, DH10B, IS10 insertion/deletion; 5, C600, IS5 insertion; 6, C600, IS1 insertion; 7, C600, IS1 insertion. (B) Relative position of the IS element insertion sites in the CTXVP60 reading frame determined for the five examples presented. Figure 4: Plasmid stability in different host strains. Left: during four subcultures of pT-ITR, a plasmid with viral LTR segments; Lane 0, isolated plasmid DNA before subculture, lanes 1-4, successive subcultures. Plasmid DNA was digested with restriction enzymes and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. KpnI cuts the plasmid at a single site, but in MG1655 two bands indicate a deletion in the plasmid. MscI cuts at two locations, but in MG1655 a third intermediate band confirms that the plasmid is deleted. Right: Stability of four variants of a Lentiviral expression plasmid in MDS™42 ΔrecA and Stbl3™ (Life Technologies), showing the proportion of transformants containing intact plasmids (Table 2 BioTechniques 43:466-470 (October 2007))(2).
Specifications
Kit Components MDS™42 Meta LowMut ΔrecA Chemically Competent Cells pUC19 Control DNA (10 pg/µl) SOC Medium Genotypes MG1655 multiple-deletion strain (1) relA* Δrph ΔarpA ΔiclR ilvG+ ΔdinB ΔpolB ΔumuDC (2) ΔrecA(1819). Quality Control Transformation efficiency is tested using pUC19 control DNA, performed in duplicate. Transformed cells are plated on LB plates containing 50 μg/ml carbenicillin. Transformation efficiency is ≥1x108 cfu/μg DNA. Storage Conditions Store components at –80°C. Do not store cells in liquid nitrogen.
Related Products
White Glove IS Detection Kit
Support
Product Manuals MDS™42 Meta LowMut ΔrecA Chemically Competent Cell Kit Papers
- Pósfai G, et al., (2006) Emergent properties of reduced-genome Escherichia coli. Science 312:1044-6.
- Csörgő et al. (2012) Low-Mutation-Rate, Reduced-Genome Escherichia coli an Improved Host for Faithful Maintenance of Engineered Genetic Constructs Microbial Cell Factories, 11:11.
- Chacko S. Chakiath, CS & Esposito, D (2007): Improved recombinational stability of lentiviral expression vectors using reduced-genome Escherichia coli. BioTechniques 43:466-470.
Patents & Disclaimers
Products are sold for non-commercial use only, under Scarab Genomics limited use label license: Limited Label Use.Scarab is providing you with this Material subject to the non-transferable right to use the subject amount of the Material for your research at your academic institution. The Recipient agrees not to sell or otherwise transfer this Material, or anything derived or produced from the Material to a third party. NO RIGHTS ARE PROVIDED TO USE THE MATERIAL OR ANYTHING DERIVED OR PRODUCED FROM THE MATERIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. If the Recipient makes any changes to the chromosome of the Material that results in an invention in breach of this limited license, then Scarab will have a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-free license to such invention whether patentable or not. If the Recipient is not willing to accept the terms of this limited license, Scarab is willing to accept return of this product with a full refund, minus shipping and handling costs. For information on obtaining a license to this Material for purposes other than research, please contact Scarab’s Licensing Department. Scarab Genomics’ technology is covered by U.S. Pat. No. 6,989,265 and related foreign applications. Clean Genome® is a registered trademark of Scarab Genomics, LLC.
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大家好,我是一个质粒小菜鸟,最近遇到个奇怪的事情,希望大家帮忙看看,究竟出了什么问题。
我构建了一个氨苄抗性的质粒,这个质粒在固体培养基里长出了单菌落,但是我挑菌在液体培养基里无法扩增出来。固体培养基和液体培养基一起配置的,氨苄浓度一致,唯一不同的是固体培养基里加入了琼脂。为了防止是氨苄的问题,我把这个固体培养基上的菌落挑划了新的板,依然能长出菌落。而同一次配置的液体培养基,也能扩增其他质粒,所以我实在想不出是什么其他问题,希望大家帮帮忙。
琼脂,学名琼胶,英文名(agar),又名洋菜(agar-agar)、海东菜、冻粉、琼胶、石花胶、燕菜精、洋粉、寒天、大菜丝,是植物胶的一种,常用海产的麒麟菜、石花菜、江蓠等制成,为无色、无固定形状的固体,溶于热水。在食品工业中应用广泛,亦常用作细菌培养基。为什么叫琼脂,主要是用海南的麒麟菜或石花菜制作出来的。海南的简称就是琼。琼脂特性:琼脂的最有用特性是它的凝点和熔点之间的温度相差很大。它在水中需加热至95℃时才开始熔化,熔化后的溶液温度需降到40℃时才开始凝固,所以它是配制固体培养基的最好凝固剂。用琼脂配制的固体培养基,可用以进行高温培养而不熔化,在凝固之前接种时,也不致将培养物烫死。因此,琼脂是制备各种生物培养基中应用最广泛的一种凝固剂。琼脂的浓度,通常是液体培养基的1~1.5%。向左转|向右转
要培养293A细胞,请教各位大神,配制好的完全培养基4度能放置多久?
1、常用玻璃仪器的准备制备培养基所用的吸管、锥形瓶、毛细吸管、平皿等玻璃仪器用前要用肥皂水洗刷后用清水冲洗干净,晾干后备用。
(1)平皿用纸或布包好,或装在金属盒内,于121℃高压蒸汽菌3min后烘干,备用。
(2)试管管口用棉花塞或硅氟塑料试管塞塞好,再用布或报纸包扎好,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20℃后烘干,备用。
(3)吸管及滴管先用少许棉花塞于吸口端(防止污染物吸出,或橡皮帽内的气体污染),然后用纸包后或装入金属吸管筒内,于121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min后烘干,备用。其他玻璃器皿均应按上法处理,也应装金属筒内160℃干热灭菌2h后,备用。
2、培养基的制备及储存
(1)溶化:一般应放在玻璃器皿或搪瓷齐内。加入蒸馏水,隔水加热以促其溶解,加热时应经常搅拌,防止焦结,待其溶解后补足水分。
在使用干燥培养基时,先将蒸馏水按定量加入容器中,然后称取一定量培养基干粉放入水中,静置10—15min,搅拌,振荡,或延长时间以促进溶解,一般不要热,必要时加热,但时间不宜过长,温度不宜过高,避免某些营养成分被破坏。
(2)校正酸碱度(调节pH):培养基必须有适当的pH。因此测定pH是培养基配制过程中的重要步骤之一,测定pH的标准温度为25士2℃。调节pH可用无菌的1mol/l氢氧化钠溶液或10%碳酸钠溶液、1mol/l盐酸溶液。当调节缓冲液的pH时,宜用6mol/l磷酸或10mol/l氢氧化钾溶液。灭菌后的pH会比灭菌前的pH升高或降低,一般高压灭菌前培养基的pH会比最终pH调高0.2左右,灭菌后基本合适。因此对培养基、缓冲液、试剂在灭菌前后的pH均进行测定,并记下每次pH的测定结果,有助于积累数据考察每种培养基、缓冲液、试剂对灭菌程序的耐受性,从而指导灭菌前pH的调节。干燥培养基一般已校正过pH,用时也必须再验证。测定时,一般用指示剂滴入培养基观察其颜色的变化,或用pH计校正,如与所需pH不符,可用以上的酸或碱液加以校正。调整pH后要加热过滤,使培养基澄清。( 更多质量检测、分析测试、化学计量、标准物质相关技术资料请参考中国标准物质 www.rmhot.com)
(3)培养基的分装:大批量配制时使用的自动分配器须经校准和确认。每次使用前后,均要对分配器的管道系统进行冲洗,在分装无菌培养基前,则要采用无菌硅胶管。
固体培养基一般分装在250ml、500ml锥形瓶中,高压灭菌后根据需要分装平皿或试管。
平皿:倾注平皿,应在无菌室中放置3—4h,如用塑料平皿须在35℃培养箱 中倒置30—60min。让水蒸汽自然蒸发。
斜面:制备低层斜面分装于试管,约占容积1/5,灭菌后趁热斜放在细玻璃棒和木杆上,使成斜度,分装使注意管口和瓶塞上勿沾有培养基,如沾有培养基应用布抹去,以避免污染。
高层斜面:制备高层斜面分装于试管,约占试管容积的1/3,灭菌后趁热放置成高层短斜面,待其凝固后应用。
分装好的培养基或缓冲液等及时密封后必须在配制当天(2h内最佳)进行灭菌处理。液体、半固体培养基一般在高压灭前分装,约装试管容积的1/3,在灭菌后还要加其他成分的液体、半固体培养基,灭菌后再分装于灭菌试管或锥形瓶中。
培养基的灭菌:培养基的灭菌多采用高压蒸汽灭菌,各种培养基的灭菌时间和压力,按其成分不同而定。普通培养基采用121℃、103.42kPa灭菌15min,但容器和装量较大时,应延长至20min。含糖培养基115℃、68.85kPa灭菌30min。含糖、血清、 鸡蛋等培养基可用流动蒸汽及血清凝固器80—100℃、30min,连续3d,间歇灭菌。血清或组织液,采用低热56—58水浴1h,连续5—6d灭菌,一些遇高温即被破坏的物质如尿素、腹水等,可用细菌过滤器,过滤除菌。高压灭菌应严格按照操作规程执行,必须逐渐加热,彻底排除灭菌器内的空气,再逐渐升压保持预定的压力和时间,达到全部杀灭微生物。以上的灭菌时间和温度要经过验证确认,如不同类型培养基混合一起灭菌时宜采用115℃、68.85kPa灭菌30min为好。
通过无菌技术为测试制备的每一批培养基其PH在放冷至室温(25°)后,都应测定。一个扁平的pH计用于培养基表面pH值的测定,浸入式的pH计用于液体的测定。各供应商提供的培养基的pH应该在规定的±0.2的范围内,除非通过验证得到更宽的范围
注意:按配方计算培养基中各种成分的用量→称量,(一般动作要迅速一些,因为其中可能有些成分容易吸潮)→溶化(将称好的各种成分溶解在水中,如果是固体培养基,需要使用凝固剂,如琼脂等,熔化时,注意搅拌,防止糊底)→调pH→灭菌(高压蒸汽灭菌)→倒平板
1)确认培养基的成分,并精确称量;
2)加入各个成分的顺序;
3)准确调pH;
4) 适当的灭菌方法;
5)无菌条件下分装.
各位大神你们好:
我们是医疗器械工厂,只需配制环境监测和水检测的培养基,但是根据2015版药典规定,1105,141页有一句
而在9203,289页
“商品化的成品培养基除了应附有处方和使用说明外,还应注明有效期、贮藏条件、适用性检查试验的质控菌和用途”。
是否可以理解为只要供应商提供以上信息,使用厂家就可以不用做培养基适用性试验了?
如果购买的商品化的成品培养基不做培养基适用性试验,那么医疗器械的微生物检验将大大减少工作量了。
暂无品牌问答