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2 Hybrid System TRAFO Protocol
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Agatep,R.,R.D.Kirkpatrick,D.L.Parchaliuk,R.A.Woods,andR.D.Gietz(1998)TransformationofSaccharomycescerevisiaebythelithiumacetate/single-strandedcarrierDNA/polyethyleneglycol(LiAc/ss-DNA/PEG)protocol.TechnicalTipsOnline(http://tto.trends.com).

Forcompleteinstructionsonhowtodoatwohybridscreenseethefollowingreferences.

1.Gietz,R.D.,B.Triggs-Raine,A.Robbins,K.C.Graham,andR.A.Woods(1997)Identificationofproteinsthatinteractwithaproteinofinterest:Applicationsoftheyeasttwo-hybridsystem.MolCellBiochem172:67-79.

2.Parchaliuk,D.L.,R.D.Kirkpatrick,R.Agatep,S.L.SimonandR.D.Gietz(1999)Yeasttwo-hybridsystemscreening.TechnicalTipsOnline(http://tto.trends.com)(accepted).notonlineyet

SEETRAFOREFs


ThisTRAFOProtocolisfor2Hybridsystemscreens(Wehavedoneover30andstillcounting)



HighEfficiencyTransformationofayeaststrainrequiringmaintenanceofaplasmid.


    Thetwo-hybridsystemandothersimilargeneticscreensinyeastinvolvetheuseoftwodifferentplasmidsinasingleyeastcell.OneplasmidoftencontainsaclonedgeneorDNAsequencewhiletheotherplasmidcontainsalibraryofgenomicorCDNA.Whilebothplasmidscanbeco-transformedintoasingleyeastcell,itisoftenmoreefficienttotransformthelibrarypoolintoastrainalreadycontainingthefirstplasmid(R.D.Gietz,unpublisheddata).

    Toprepareaplasmid-carryingstrainforanadditionaltransformation,theinitialgrowthphaseshouldbeusingSComissionmediauntilthecelltiterreaches1-2x107cells/ml.Thiswillmaintainthefirstplasmidduringthisgrowthphase.ThecellscanthenbesubculturedinYPADmediumfortwodoublingswithoutsignificantplasmidloss,iftheplasmidhasnoeffectonyeastgrowth.Toproducehighlycompetentyeastcellscontainingaselectableplasmid,followtheprotocolbelow.TodeterminetheScaleupneededforthedesirednumberoftransformants,werecommendtestingone"slibraryDNAwiththeprotocolbelowtodeterminethenumberofTransformantsthatcanbeexpected.Thenselecttheconditionsthatgivea"good"Transformationyieldandthenscaleupto30X,60Xoreven120Xobtainthedesirednumberoftransformants.(seeTable1&Discussion).


    AllsolutionsusedinthisprotocolaredescribedintheTRAFOSolutionsPage


    1. InoculatetheyeaststraincontainingthefirstplasmidintotheappropriatevolumeoftheappropriateSC-omissionmediuminaflaskandincubateat30oCovernight.

        ForeachdifferentScaleupusetheappropriatesizeofculture

        TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
        CultureSize25mls50mls100mls

    2. Determinethecelltiterandcalculatethevolumeofcellsthatyields2.5x108cellsforeach50mlsofYPADcultureneeded

        TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
        YPADcultureSize50mls150mls300mls
        #ofCellsneeded2.5x1087.5x1081.5x109

    3. Pourthisculturevolumeintoanappropriatesterilecentrifugetubeandpelletthecellsat3000xgfor5min.ResUSPendthecellpelletintheappropriatevolumeofpre-warmed(30oC)YPADandtransfertoanothersterilecultureflask.

        TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
        YPADcultureSize50mls150mls300mls

    4. Incubateat30oCwhileshakingat200rpmfor3to4hrsuntilthecelltiterreaches2x107cells/ml.
    5. Harvestthecellsbycentrifugationat3000xgfor5min.
    6. Washthecellpelletviaresuspensionwith1/2volumeofsddwaterandcollectionbycentrifugationasabove.
    7. Resuspendthepelletintheappropriatevolumeof100mMsterileLiAcandtransfertoanappropriatecentrifugetube.Incubatefor15minat30oC.Pelletthecellsagainbycentrifugationandremovethesupernatant.

        TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
        100mMLiAc3mls3mls6mls

      1. Add,intheorderfromtoptobottom,thecomponentsofthetransformationmixlistedinthetablebelowtoaseperatetubeandmixthoroughlybyvortexing.Addthetransformationmixtothecellpelletandvortexvigorouslytoresuspendthecellpellet.AlternativelyyoumayalsomixallcomponentsbuttheplasmidDNAtogether.AddtheentirevolumeofthetransformationmixminustheplasmidDNAtothecellpelletandthenaddtheplasmidDNAandmix.ThiswillkeepyoufromloosinganyplasmidDNAwhentransferingtheviscousliquidofthetransformationmixontopofthecells.

          TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
          50%PEG2.4ml7.20ml14.40ml
          1.0MLiAc360µl1.08ml2.16ml
          SS-DNA(2mg/ml)500µl1.50ml3.00ml
          LibraryplasmidDNAAµlBµlCµl
          sddWater340-Aµl1.02-Bml2.04-Cml

        Pleasenote:Thevaluesforeachscaleupshouldbemultipliedfromthesinglereactionvolumes.Previouslythe60XscaleupvaluesfortheLiAc,SS-DNA,andPlasmidDNAwereNOTcorrect!(Theywere90Xscale,sorry)ThenumbersshownhereareNOWcorrect!Thankstothepersonthatcaughtmyerrorandsorrytoallofyoubattlingtogetgood2HSscreensdone.Inaddition,Pleasenotethatwearenowadding2Xtheamountofcarrierthaninpreviousversionsofthisthispage.TIP:

          i.Thestandardtransformationreactioncanbescaledupto120Xastandardtransformationreaction,howeverwerarelyneedtogotothisscale.

          ii.UseaaplasticpipetratherthanaglasspipettotransferthePEGsolutionasitadherestothesurfaceofglasspipetsandhampersthedeliveryofanexactvolume.

          iii.ThevolumeofsddwaterandplasmidDNAmaybeadjusted,however,thetotalvolumeofthesecomponentsmustremainconstant.

        • Vigourouslyvortexthecellpelletuntilitistotallyresuspended,whichshouldtakeabout1min.Ifyouhaveproblemsgettingthepelletresusupendedletitsitfor5minandthenvortex!
        • Incubatethetransformationmixat30oCfor30min.
        • Heatshockat42oCfortimeindicatedbytablebelowwithmixingbyinversionfor15secafterevery5min.

            TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
            HeatshockTime30min40min45-60min

          TIP:

            Heatshockoflargescaletransformationsrequiretheculturetubetobeinvertedseveraltimesevery5minutestoequilibratethetemperaturequicklyinthelargervolume.

        • Collectthecellsbycentrifugationasabove.GentlyresuspendthecellpelletinanappropriatevolumeofsddwaterandplateontoSCommissionmedium.Forour30Xand60X2hybridscreensweplateonto100largeplates.(Yes!thatiscorrect!Awholecaseoflargeplates)Thisgivesbettertransformationandlibrarycoverage!Forthe10Xscreensweusedless.

            TRAFOSCALE10X30X60X
            ResuspensionVolume10mls40mls40mls

          TIP:

            Transformationsforthetwo-hybridsystemwhichusetheactivationoftheHIS3geneforgeneticselectioncanbeplateddirectlyontoSComissionmediumlackingTryptophan,Leucine,andHistidine(Trp,Leu,His).Thetotalnumberoftransformantsscreenedshouldbecalculatedbyplatingofasmallaliquot(1-2µl)ontoapairofSComissionmediumlackingTrp-Leuplates.

        • Incubatetheplatesfor3-5daysat30oCoruntilcoloniesappear.ForsometwohybridScreenwewaitaslongas14days!




          Discussion

            ItisimportanttooptimizetheamountoflibraryplasmidDNAforeachstandardtransformation.AsshowninTable1below,suchatestisdonebytransformingincreasingamountsoflibraryplasmidDNAinastandardtransformationreaction.Fromthisexperiment,onecanseethatitismoreproductivetodo10standardtransformationreactionswith1µgorplasmidDNA(orscaleupthetransformationreaction)thantodoonestandardtransformationusing10µgofplasmid.ThiswillnotonlyensureefficientuselibraryDNAbutwillalsoreducesthenumberofyeastcoloniescontainingmorethanonelibraryplasmid,whichcanmakesubsequentanalysisdifficult.

            Co-transformationoflibraryplasmidDNAwithaGAL4BDplasmidisnotasefficientastransformationofthelibraryDNAintoayeaststrainalreadycontainingtheGAL4BDplasmid.Therefore,itisrecommendedthattheGAL4BDplasmidbetransformedfirstintotheyeaststrainusingtheQuick&Easyprotocolandfollowedbytransformationofthelibrarywithprotocolabove;wehavescreenedasmanyas5.2x107transformantsfromasinglescaleduptransformationreactioninatwo-hybridscreen(R.D.Gietz,unpublisheddata).IncasesweretheGAL4BDfusionplasmidaffectsthegrowthoftheyeaststrain,itmaybeadvisabletoco-transformtheGAL4BDfusionplasmidandthelibraryplasmidDNA.Inthesecases,carefulattentiontothelevelsofeachplasmidinthetransformationreactionisnecessaryfortheproductionofthehighestefficiency.

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