Introduction | 8-Oxo-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), or named as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine. 8-Oxo-dG is one of the major products of DNA oxidation. Concentrations of 8-oxo-dG within a cell are a measurement of oxidative stress. 8-oxo-dG increases with age in DNA of mammalian tissues. 8-oxo-dG increases in both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA with age. |
Target | 8-Hydroxy-2"-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) |
Reactivity | General (All species) |
Tested Applications | ELISA |
Recommended dilutions | Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. |
Storage | Shipped at 4 °C. Upon receipt, store the kit according to the storage instruction in the kit"s manual. |
Validity | The validity for this kit is 6 months. |
Stability | The stability of the kit is determined by the rate of activity loss. The loss rate is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage conditions. To minimize performance fluctuations, operation procedures and lab conditions should be strictly controlled. It is also strongly suggested that the whole assay is performed by the same user throughout. |
Test Range | 1.56 ng/ml - 100 ng/ml |
Sensitivity | 0.94 ng/ml |
Standard Form | Lyophilized |
ELISA Detection | Colorimetric |
ELISA Type | Competitive |
ELISA Data | Quantitative |
Sample Type | Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. |
Target Type | Antigen |
Assay Principle | This kit is based on competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay technology. An antigen is pre-coated onto a 96-well plate. Standards, test samples, and biotin-conjugated reagent are added to the wells and incubated. A competitive inhibition reaction takes place between the the pre-coated 8-OHdG and the 8-OHdG in the sample with the biotin-labelled antibody. The HRP-conjugated reagent is then added, and the whole plate is incubated. Unbound conjugates are removed using wash buffer at each stage. TMB substrate is used to quantify the HRP enzymatic reaction. After TMB substrate is added, only wells that contain sufficient 8-OHdG will produce a blue coloured product, which then changes to yellow after adding the acidic stop solution. The intensity of the color yellow is inversely proportional to the 8-OHdG amount bound on the plate. The OD is measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm in a microplate reader, from which the concentration of 8-OHdG can be calculated. |
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Material Required But Not Provided |
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Assay Procedure |
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Results Calculation | This assay is competitive, therefore there is an inverse correlation between 8-OHdG concentration in the sample and the absorbance measured. Create a graph with the log of the standard concentration (y-axis) and average absorbance measured (x-axis). Apply a best fit trendline through the standard points. The 8-OHdG concentration of the samples can be interpolated from the standard curve. |
Assay Precision | Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, medium and high levels of 8-Hydroxy-2" -Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively.Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, medium and high levels of 8-Hydroxy-2" -Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. CV (%) = (Standard Deviation / mean) × 100Intra-Assay: CV<>Inter-Assay: CV<> |
Availability | Shipped within 5-12 working days. |
Note | This product is for research use only. The range and sensitivity is subject to change. Please contact us for the latest product information. For accurate results, sample concentrations must be diluted to mid-range of the kit. If you require a specific range, please contact us in advance or write your request in your order comments. Please note that our ELISA and CLIA kits are optimised for detection of native samples, rather than recombinant proteins. We are unable to guarantee detection of recombinant proteins, as they may have different sequences or tertiary structures to the native protein. |
Plate coated with | Antigen |
Abbexa是一家致力于为生命科学研究、药物研发及生物技术公司提供优质抗体、蛋白及检测试剂盒等产品的高科技生物技术公司。基于剑桥大学研发技术优势,Abbexa提供包括一抗、二抗、纯化蛋白、ELISA试剂盒、各种酶类及其它多种试剂与研究工具的大量生命科学研究产品。
目前Abbexa的产品涵盖单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、纯化蛋白质及生物试剂,此外,为满足研发人员特殊的实验需要,Abbexa还提供抗体/多肽定制服务。严格的质控标准保证了Abbex产品的高性能,如您对产品不满意,Abbexa将直接提供退/换货服务
CLIAKits 化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescenceimmunoassay,CLIA) RNAInterferenceProducts RNA干扰试剂 RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)是指在进化过程中高度保守的、由双链RNA(double-strandedRNA,dsRNA)诱发的、同源mRNA高效特异性降解的现象。基因沉默,主要有转录前水平的基因沉默(TGS)和转录后水平的基因沉默(PTGS)两类:TGS是指由于DNA修饰或染色体异染色质化等原因使基因不能正常转录;PTGS是启动了细胞质内靶mRNA序列特异性的降解机制。有时转基因会同时导致TGS和PTGS。 由于使用RNAi技术可以特异性剔除或关闭特定基因的表达,(长度超过三十的dsRNA会引起干扰素毒性)所以该技术已被广泛用于探索基因功能和传染性疾病及恶性肿瘤的治疗领域。 1. RNAi抑制转座子活性 两方面的证据提示转座子活性的抑制与siRNA有关 ①发现蠕虫mut-7基因参与RNAi并且与转座子的转座抑制有关; ②在果蝇中,参与RNAi的RNA解螺旋酶Spindle-E的突变将导致该基因引起的基因沉默的缺失,同时提高了反转录转座子活性。 2. RNAi抵御病毒感染 在拟南芥中研究转基因引起基因沉默时发现,sgs2/sde1基因突变的拟南芥对病毒的侵染表现出高度的敏感性。 3. RNAi参与异染色质的形成和维持 Hall等研究表明,着丝粒同源重复序列和RNAi组分一起正负调节着异染色质的形成并共同促使异染色质组装成核;Vople等在敲除裂殖酵母(S.pombe)的RNAi途径基因(如Argonaute、Dicer、RDRP)时发现异染色质转录得到的dsRNA可以在RNAi途径的参与下,加工成siRNA,siRNA募集异染色质蛋白1(HP1),然后靶向性引起相应异染色质区域的转基因沉默。 4. RNAi参与机体的发育调控及生理代谢 RNAi只抑制转录后的基因,所以RNAi在生物体发育学研究中具有优势。Chuang等用RNAi技术进一步证实了AG、CLV3、AP1、PAN等已知功能基因在拟南芥花发育过程中的功能。在RNAi过程中形成的RISC复合物可根据不同情况分别利用siRNA或stRNA行使不同的功能,但最终均导致特定基因沉默。 IsotypeControl 同型对照 同型对照(IsotypeControl),使用与一抗相同种属来源、相同亚型、相同剂量和相同的免疫球蛋白及亚型的免疫球蛋白,用于消除由于抗体非特异性结合到细胞表面而产生的背景染色。 同型对照 同型对照的主要目的是确定一抗的结合是特异性的,而不是非特异性的Fc受体或与其他蛋白的相互作用。还可以用来竞争性的结合抗体,与功能阻断抗体发挥同样的功能。 同型对照要与一抗的来源,Ig分型和标记完全一致。 如果一抗是多抗,可以用annormalserum(与一抗相同的正常血清)(mustbethesamespeciesasprimaryantibody)。Thiscontroliseasytoachieveandcanbeusedroutinelyinimmunohistochemicalstaining.这个可以咨询试剂商。同型对照为免疫荧光标记中的阴性对照。由于荧光标记单抗的组来源不同,应选用相同来源的未标记单抗作为同型对照来调整背景染色。举个例子:比如检测一抗为单抗的mouseantiratCD11b,cloneOX-42purifiedIgG,那么它的isotype是mouseIgG2a,所以可以用purified(纯化的)mouseIgG2a来做OX-42的同型对照(IsotypeControl)。一般的的生物技术公司和国内的代理都有出售。 同型对照:是指与MoAb相同的、未免疫小鼠的免疫球蛋白亚类,若使用直接免疫荧光染色法,同型对照也应标记荧光色素,如IgG1FITC、IgG2a、PE等。主要考虑了细胞的自发荧光、FC受体介导的抗体结合和非特异性抗体结合等影响因素。此外,同型对照与MoAb所标记的荧光色素、浓度、F:P比值(标记的荧光色素与免疫球蛋白分子的比值)应该相同为最佳,这对准确设定阴性与阳性细胞的界标有重要意义,切忌使用与MoAb不相匹配的同型对照,最好为同一实验室、采用相同工艺或方法制备(如同一品牌)的产品。
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采用抗-HBe抗体包被反应板,加入校准品及被测样本,同时加入定量HBeAg中和抗原,经过振荡孵育,洗板后再加入铕标记的抗-HBe,若标本中抗-HBe浓度高,HBeAg将被大量中和,使最后形成的抗-HBe-HBeAg-铕标记抗-HBe复合物减少。增强液(β-NTA)将标记在抗体上的Eu3+解离到溶液中,Eu3+和增强液中的有效成分形成高荧光强度的螯合物,荧光强度和样本中的抗-HBe浓度成反比。
1、直接竞争,标记抗原,与检测样品中的抗原竞争抗体。
2、间接竞争,标记抗体,固相抗原与液相抗原(样品)竞争标记抗体。
3、定义
间接竞争法的模型:包被抗原,用HRP-抗体与样本一起加入。样本中的Ag与Solid-Ag竞争HRP-Ab,固相吸附的HRP-Ab与样本中的Ag浓度成反比。
直接竞争法的模型:包被抗体,用HRP-抗原与样本一起加入。样本中的Ag与HRP-Ag竞争Solid-Ab,固相吸附的HRP-Ag与样本中的Ag浓度成反比。
4、竞争法的理论基础:是限量抗体。只有在限量抗体基础上,两种抗原才会形成竞争关系。
5、、间接竞争法具备较高灵敏度原因。
直接竞争法里,标记抗原与待测抗原均是液相,与抗体的结合机会是一样的,例如有1份标记抗原与1份待测抗原竞争1份抗体,那么有50%的标记抗原能与抗体结合,所以标记抗原的相对结合率为50%。间接法里,固相抗原与抗体的接触面积较小,固相抗原与待测抗原的结合抗体机会是不平等的,接近顺序饱和法,即只有与待测抗原结合剩余的抗体才会与固相抗原结合,同样有1份固相抗原与1份待测抗原竞争1份抗体时,基本上抗体会被待测抗原中和掉,与固相抗原结合的抗体非常少。固相抗原的相对结合率为0%。因此,间接法的抑制曲线斜率会大于竞争法。
因为抑制率越大则斜率越大,从而灵敏度越大。(假设零管变异5%,以两倍SD为灵敏度限,则为90%相对结合率,则间接法可以在较低的待测抗原浓度达到这一相对结合率,因此灵敏度要高。)
在进行系统放大时,间接法一般可以使用酶标二抗。因为二抗可以针对抗体的多个部位,所以存在放大效应,从而能提高间接法的灵敏度。直接法一般难以进行放大,常用的有生物 素化抗原与酶标亲和素,但模式上似乎不存在放大效应。
6、间接法的高灵敏度难以实现的原因:
双抗体 夹心的免放(IRMA)模式刚出现时,也被模型证明灵敏度优于竞争法的放免(RIA),原因也是较大的斜率,但是IRMA的高灵敏度一直到单抗发展后才得以实现。
GM实验:试剂说明书上要求20分钟显色,10分钟的时候看一下,差不多就可以加终止液,但是我的标曲显色特别快,2分钟最低浓度蓝色就就深了,此时样本颜色还很浅很浅,我只能一块儿加终止液。所以,标曲显色过快,可能是什么原因?
(ps:第一列是标曲,后面是样本)
暂无品牌问答