Molecular Weight: | 477.88 |
Formula: | C19H16ClN5O6S |
Purity: | ≥98% |
CAS#: | 1624602-30-7 |
Solubility: | DMSO up to 50 mM |
Chemical Name: | 7-chloro-4-(4-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)quinoline |
Storage: | Powder:4oC 1 year. DMSO:4oC3 month;-20oC 1 year. |
Biological Activity:VR23 is a potent and selective proteasome inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM, 50-100 nM, and 3 μM for trypsin-like proteasomes, chymotrypsin-like proteasomes, and caspase-like proteasomes, respectively.Data from molecular docking and substrate competition assays established that the primary molecular target of VR23 was β2 of the 20S proteasome catalytic subunit. VR23 was structurally distinct from other known proteasome inhibitors and selectively killed cancer cells by apoptosis, with little effect on noncancerous cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that cancer cells exposed to VR23 underwent an abnormal centrosome amplification cycle caused by the accumulation of ubiquitinated cyclin E. In combinations with the clinically approved chymotrypsin-like proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, VR23 produced a synergistic effect in killing multiple myeloma cells, including those that were resistant to bortezomib. VR23 was effective in vivo in controlling multiple myelomas and metastatic breast cancer cells, in the latter case also enhancing the antitumor activity of paclitaxel while reducing its side effects.How to Use:In vitro: VR23 was used at 10-20 µM final concentration in various assays. In vivo: VR23 was dosed to ATH490 athymic mice engrafted with MDA-MB-231 or RPMI 8226 cancer cells at 30 mg/Kg by IP injection once per day.Reference:
- 1.Pundir S, et al. VR23: A Quinoline-Sulfonyl Hybrid Proteasome Inhibitor That Selectively Kills Cancer via Cyclin E-Mediated Centrosome Amplification. (2015) Cancer Res. 75(19):4164-75.
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非病理原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、健康人如果剧烈运动后检查转氨酶就会发现转氨酶升高。
2、如果过于劳累,会导致转氨酶升高。
3、检查前如果吃过油腻的食物或酗酒都会导致转氨酶升高。
4、怀孕的人,也会导致内分泌失调,使得转氨酶升高;
5、营养不足 饮食结构不合理如低蛋白饮食,尤其是当食物中缺乏胱氨酸、维生素E时,亦可使ALT升高。
6、日常服用的药物所产生的副作用也会导致转氨酶升高,比如红霉素、安眠药、解热镇痛药、避孕药膏还有半夏、槟榔、青黛等中药。
病理性原因导致转氨酶高得情况
1、病毒性肝炎这是引起转氨酶高常见的疾病,其他类型的肝炎也可导致转氨酶高。
2、多种药物和化学制剂都能引起转氨酶高,但停药后可恢复正常。
3、肝硬化与肝癌肝硬化活动时,一般都会出现转氨酶高。
4、胆道疾病如胆囊炎、胆石症急性发作时,除伴有发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、黄疸等情况外,还可引起血胆红素及转氨酶高。转氨酶是从胆管排出的,如果有胆管、胆囊及胰腺疾患,胆管梗阻,也可使转氨酶升高。病床上常见的有胆囊炎、胆管蛔虫、肝胆管结石、胆囊及胆管肿瘤、壶腹部周围癌症、先天性胆管扩张症、急慢性胰腺炎、胰头痛以及出血坏死性胰腺炎。
5、心脏疾病急性心肌梗塞、心肌炎、心力衰竭时,可引起转氨酶高。
6、其他某些感染性疾病,:除肝脏外,体内其他脏器组织如心、肾、肺、脑、睾丸、肌肉也都含有此酶。因此,当心肌炎、肾盂肾炎、大叶性肺炎、肺结核、多发性肌炎、甲状腺功能亢进症、急性败血症、肠伤寒、流脑、疟疾、钩端螺旋体病、流行性感冒、麻疹、血吸虫病、挤压综合征等患者中,亦可见血中转氨酶升高。
7、是否服用过对肝脏有损害的药物,如果有,一定要注意药物性肝炎的可能;
8、女性还要注意有无自身免疫性肝炎的可能,检查自身免疫抗体(抗核抗体、抗平滑肌抗体等)是否为阳性;
9、既往是否有胆囊炎、心脏病、肾炎等疾病,这些病也可以引起转氨酶升高;
综上所述,引起转氨酶升高的原因很多,必须认真检查,明确病因,针对病因加以治疗。
转氨酶水平在0—40之间是正常的。如果超出正常范围,医生会建议再查一次,排除由于实验室设备故障和操作错误等因素造成误差的可能。如果转氨酶水平还高,多半是由病毒性肝炎或其他肝病所致。但要确定是不是病毒性肝炎,还需要做其他检查,结合病史、症状、体征等全面分析。展开
A9 B12 C17 D36
正确答案C
一次氧化的产物不是乙酰COA么,那么产生的ATP为什么不是十个
入院10天,伴有肩部肌肉刺痛,已有好转,但今天的肝功能常规检查,转氨酶突然从140多升到310多,入院一直有互肝措施,静脉输液。无不良饮食习惯。有慢性浅表性胃炎病史。问,转氨酶突然升高的原因?各项肝炎检查无问题,ct x 光无问题
其实,我们每个人都存在乙醇脱氢酶,而且数量基本是相等的,所以不是决定因素。但缺少乙醛脱氢酶的人就比较多,乙醛脱氢酶的缺少,使酒精不能被完全分解为水和二氧化碳,而是以乙醛继续留在体内,使人喝酒后产生恶心欲吐、昏迷不适等醉酒症状。因此,你可能是属于乙醛脱氢酶数量不足的人。
人的酶系统是有遗传因素的,上面两种酶的数量,比例成定局,一般是改变不了了。
期待各位前辈的点拨~先谢谢啦……
Author:Shih IeM, Wang TL.
Resource:Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 1;67(5):1879-82.
Impact Factor:8.0(2005)
Abstract:The Notch signaling pathway represents a critical component in the molecular circuits that control cell fate during development. Aberrant activation of this pathway contributes to tumorigenesis. The role of Notch in human cancer has been highlighted recently by the presence of activating mutations and amplification of Notch genes in human cancer and by the demonstration that genes in the Notch signaling pathway could be potential therapeutic targets. It has become clear that one of the major therapeutic targets in the Notch pathway are the Notch receptors, in which gamma-secretase inhibitors prevent the generation of the oncogenic (intracellular) domain of Notch molecules and suppress the Notch activity. This review article summarizes the biological roles of Notch molecules in cancer development with special emphasis on the promise and challenges in applying gamma-secretase inhibitors as a new line of targeted therapeutic agents.
PMID: 17332312
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