Toggle navigationHMDBBrowse MetabolitesDiseasesPathwaysBiospecimensClassesProteinsReactionsMetabolite Library (HML)BMI MetabolomicsAge MetabolomicsGender MetabolomicsGeno MetabolomicsPharmaco MetabolomicsDiurnal MetabolomicsSearch ChemQuery Structure SearchMolecular Weight SearchText QuerySequence SearchAdvanced SearchLC-MS SearchLC-MS/MS SearchGC-MS Search1D NMR Search2D NMR SearchLC-MS CMM Search (New)DownloadsAbout About the Human Metabolome DatabaseRelease NotesCiting the HMDBHelp/TutorialWhat s NewStatisticsData SourcesOther DatabasesWishart Research GroupContact Us SearchQuantitative metabolomics services for biomarker discovery and validation.Specializing in ready to use metabolomics kits.Your source for quantitative metabolomics technologies and bioinformatics.Showing metabocard for L-Aspartic acid (HMDB0000191) Jump To Section: IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (31)transporters (1) Show 32 proteinsXMLenzymes (31)transporters (1) Show 32 proteinsRecord InformationVersion4.0StatusDetected and QuantifiedCreation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTCUpdate Date2020-11-09 23:12:37 UTCHMDB IDHMDB0000191Secondary Accession NumbersHMDB00191Metabolite IdentificationCommon NameL-Aspartic acidDescriptionAspartic acid (Asp, D), also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. As its name indicates, aspartic acid is the carboxylic acid analog of asparagine. As a neurotransmitter, aspartic acid may provide resistance to fatigue and thus lead to endurance, although the evidence to support this idea is not strong (Wikipedia ). Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid that is made from glutamic acid by enzymes using vitamin B6. The amino acid has important roles in the urea cycle and DNA metabolism. Aspartic acid is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, which is sometimes found to be increased in epileptic and stroke patients. It is decreased in depressed patients and in patients with brain atrophy. Aspartic acid supplements are being evaluated. Five grams can raise blood levels. Magnesium and zinc may be natural inhibitors of some of the actions of aspartic acid. Aspartic acid, with the amino acid phenylalanine, is a part of a new natural sweetener, aspartame. This sweetener is an advance in artificial sweeteners, and is probably safe in normal doses to all except phenylketonurics. The jury is still out on the long-term effects it has on many brain neurohormones. Aspartic acid may be a significant immunostimulant of the thymus and can protect against some of the damaging effects of radiation. Many claims have been made for the special value of administering aspartic acid in the form of potassium and magnesium salts. Since aspartic acid is relatively nontoxic, studies are now in progress to elucidate its pharmacological and therapeutic roles (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids).Structure MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI Structure for HMDB0000191 (L-Aspartic acid) CloseSynonymsValueSource(S)-2-Aminobutanedioic acidChEBI(S)-2-Aminosuccinic acidChEBI2-Aminosuccinic acidChEBIAspChEBIASPARTIC ACIDChEBIDChEBIL-AsparaginsaeureChEBIL-AspKegg(S)-2-AminobutanedioateGenerator(S)-2-AminosuccinateGenerator2-AminosuccinateGeneratorASPARTateGeneratorL-AspartateGenerator(+)-AspartateHMDB(+)-Aspartic acidHMDB(2S)-AspartateHMDB(2S)-Aspartic acidHMDB(L)-AspartateHMDB(L)-Aspartic acidHMDB(R)-2-AminosuccinateHMDB(S)-(+)-AspartateHMDB(S)-(+)-Aspartic acidHMDB(S)-Amino-butanedioateHMDB(S)-Amino-butanedioic acidHMDB(S)-AminobutanedioateHMDB(S)-Aminobutanedioic acidHMDB(S)-AspartateHMDB(S)-Aspartic acidHMDB2-Amino-3-methylsuccinateHMDB2-Amino-3-methylsuccinic acidHMDBalpha-AminosuccinateHMDBalpha-Aminosuccinic acidHMDBAminosuccinateHMDBAsparagateHMDBAsparagic acidHMDBAsparaginateHMDBAsparaginic acidHMDBAsparatateHMDBH-Asp-OHHMDBL-(+)-AspartateHMDBL-(+)-Aspartic acidHMDBL-AminosuccinateHMDBL-Aminosuccinic acidHMDBL-AsparagateHMDBL-Asparagic acidHMDBL-AsparaginateHMDBL-Asparaginic acidHMDB(+-)-Aspartic acidHMDB(R,S)-Aspartic acidHMDBAspartate, disodiumHMDBAspartate, magnesiumHMDBAspartate, monopotassiumHMDBAspartic acid, dipotassium saltHMDBAspartic acid, hydrobromideHMDBAspartic acid, monopotassium saltHMDBAspartic acid, monosodium saltHMDBAspartic acid, potassium saltHMDBL AspartateHMDBMG5LongoralHMDBPotassium aspartateHMDBPolysuccinimideHMDBAmmonium aspartateHMDBAspartate, ammoniumHMDBAspartate, calciumHMDBAspartate, monosodiumHMDBAspartic acid, calcium saltHMDBAspartic acid, disodium saltHMDBAspartic acid, magnesium (1:1) salt, hydrochloride, trihydrateHMDBDipotassium aspartateHMDBDisodium aspartateHMDBHydrochloride, aspartate magnesiumHMDBMonopotassium aspartateHMDBSodium aspartateHMDBAspartate, dipotassiumHMDBAspartic acid, magnesium (2:1) saltHMDBAspartic acid, sodium saltHMDBHydrobromide aspartic acidHMDBMagnesium aspartateHMDBMG 5 LongoralHMDBMonosodium aspartateHMDBAspartate magnesium hydrochlorideHMDBAspartate, potassiumHMDBAspartate, sodiumHMDBAspartic acid, ammonium saltHMDBAspartic acid, hydrochlorideHMDBAspartic acid, magnesium-potassium (2:1:2) saltHMDBCalcium aspartateHMDBHydrochloride aspartic acidHMDBL Aspartic acidHMDBMagnesiocardHMDBMG-5-LongoralHMDBPoly-DL-succinimideHMDBChemical FormulaC4H7NO4Average Molecular Weight133.1027Monoisotopic Molecular Weight133.037507717IUPAC Name(2S)-2-aminobutanedioic acidTraditional NameL-aspartic acidCAS Registry Number56-84-8SMILESN[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=OInChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1InChI KeyCKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-NChemical TaxonomyDescription belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aspartic acid and derivatives. Aspartic acid and derivatives are compounds containing an aspartic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.KingdomOrganic compounds Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues Direct ParentAspartic acid and derivatives Alternative ParentsL-alpha-amino acids Fatty acids and conjugates Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives Amino acids Carboxylic acids Organopnictogen compounds Organic oxides Monoalkylamines Hydrocarbon derivatives Carbonyl compounds SubstituentsAspartic acid or derivativesAlpha-amino acidL-alpha-amino acidDicarboxylic acid or derivativesFatty acidAmino acidCarboxylic acidOrganic oxideOrganopnictogen compoundPrimary amineOrganooxygen compoundOrganonitrogen compoundPrimary aliphatic amineOrganic oxygen compoundCarbonyl groupAmineOrganic nitrogen compoundHydrocarbon derivativeAliphatic acyclic compoundMolecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compoundsExternal Descriptorsaspartate family amino acid (CHEBI:17053 )proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17053 )L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17053 )aspartic acid (CHEBI:17053 )Common amino acids (C00049 )Amino acids (C00049 )OntologyPhysiological effectHealth effect:Observation:Attachment lossMissing teethPeriodontal Probing DepthHealth condition:SchizophreniaEpilepsyGrowth hormone deficiencyCirrhosisDispositionRoute of exposure:Enteral:IngestionSource:EndogenousFoodBiological:AnimalPlant:PoaceaeCoffeaFabaceaeGlycine maxCucurbitaceaeTheobroma cacaoBiological location:Tissue and substructures:All tissuesPlacentaOrgan and components:ProstateBiofluid and excreta:UrineSalivaFecesBloodBreast milkSweatCerebrospinal fluidSubcellular:CytoplasmMitochondriaCell and elements:ExtracellularProcessNaturally occurring process:Biological process:Biochemical pathway:Ammonia RecyclingArginine and Proline MetabolismAspartate MetabolismAzathioprine Action PathwayBeta-Alanine MetabolismDisulfiram Action PathwayGlutamate MetabolismGlutaminolysis and CancerHomocarnosinosisHypoacetylaspartiaMalate-Aspartate ShuttleMercaptopurine Action PathwayPurine MetabolismThioguanine Action PathwayTranscription/TranslationTyrosine Metabolismurea cycleRoleIndustrial application:Pharmaceutical industry:PharmaceuticalBiological role:Essential amino acidPhysical PropertiesStateSolidExperimental PropertiesPropertyValueReferenceMelting Point270 °CNot AvailableBoiling PointNot AvailableNot AvailableWater Solubility5.39 mg/mLYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)LogP-3.89CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)Predicted PropertiesPropertyValueSourceWater Solubility142 g/LALOGPSlogP-3.5ALOGPSlogP-3.5ChemAxonlogS0.03ALOGPSpKa (Strongest Acidic)1.7ChemAxonpKa (Strongest Basic)9.61ChemAxonPhysiological Charge-1ChemAxonHydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxonHydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxonPolar Surface Area100.62 ŲChemAxonRotatable Bond Count3ChemAxonRefractivity26.53 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxonPolarizability11.28 ųChemAxonNumber of Rings0ChemAxonBioavailabilityYesChemAxonRule of FiveYesChemAxonGhose FilterNoChemAxonVeber\'s RuleNoChemAxonMDDR-like RuleNoChemAxonSpectraSpectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyViewGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0f89-0960000000-5a6a6cb21e9fc0875f84SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0f89-0950000000-51399a8446c394459765SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0f89-0950000000-f07e7f52b3c31fd119f5SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0f89-0950000000-9e175dfa17a8b17a72d2SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0950000000-f4475587d5a3b20bfc58SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-00di-9430000000-0cac9a97e698db1672b5SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-03yi-1900000000-ea61b8526ee02ae79b66SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0f89-1890000000-7da576c8129142b71a1bSpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0pb9-0981000000-ad23d55e348f55115f00SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-0590000000-13cc5a7841854e97f68bSpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0960000000-5a6a6cb21e9fc0875f84SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0950000000-51399a8446c394459765SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0950000000-f07e7f52b3c31fd119f5SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0950000000-9e175dfa17a8b17a72d2SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-0950000000-f4475587d5a3b20bfc58SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)splash10-0g4i-6946100000-0ae49e3be0f2f1f92065SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9430000000-0cac9a97e698db1672b5SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-03yi-1900000000-ea61b8526ee02ae79b66SpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f89-1890000000-7da576c8129142b71a1bSpectrumGC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0pb9-0981000000-ad23d55e348f55115f00SpectrumPredicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000f-9100000000-b7db3377089f4c95001bSpectrumPredicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01w4-9610000000-0f1463c6395830708e12SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0079-9300000000-92f9914d94078d96f5cfSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-c467d10f2b7e21ed1734SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00dl-9000000000-87f0c58226f5a2f3ac8aSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-fde7ef1951fddff4b817SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0uk9-8900000000-2d7e5609618437e59272SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-4b43567f4a446aed0828SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-4900000000-45382d9abd25be948e5bSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-3f39a9b758e282358ac0SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-3900000000-44d361ad09ff9a30dd14SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-18e1dba62e6b803e17b8SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0002-0930000000-d97f9518a2d516d830c5SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-02ai-0962100000-909bb894b2c1318afee4SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-f2059dd438fcf62f62e1SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-03dr-7900000000-8b7b89ed34530e331024SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-014i-0190000000-58a78949f4b93de22aabSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0921000000-214b6b969fdc4216ca71SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-03dr-6900000000-4918748927dd097d2879SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-88dc2f1093f261e76201SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-004i-0290000000-a8856f56645a2961baacSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-8cf9870557ca9adc3374SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9400000000-81b2804a712625a2d9c4SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-9bf77ba12ad952f84ac0SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-e08bfb96c5fd8c9b9db7SpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-876e30f6c9ed061091feSpectrumLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-6c0d44d4e3853e5701a3Spectrum1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrumBiological PropertiesCellular LocationsCytoplasmExtracellularMitochondriaBiospecimen LocationsBloodBreast MilkCerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)FecesSalivaSweatUrineTissue LocationsAll TissuesPlacentaProstatePathwaysNameSMPDB/PathwhizKEGGTranscription/TranslationSMP00019Not AvailableArginine and Proline MetabolismAspartate MetabolismUrea CycleBeta-Alanine Metabolism