FollowingantibodiescanbepurchasedasapartofPlantCellcompartmentantibodyMarkerset(oneofeach)
Cellwall
CesA4(IRX5)|CellulosesynthaseAcatalyticsubunit4[UDP-forming]
CesA7(IRX3)|CellulosesynthaseAcatalyticsubunit7[UDP-forming]
CesA8(IRX1) |CellulosesynthaseAcatalyticsubunit8[UDP-forming]
XTH-Xet|XET5Xyloglucanxyloglucosyltransferase
Chloroplast
CRD1|cyanobacterialhomologofplantCHL27cyclase-thylakoidandenvelopemembranes|40kDa
Cytc6|thylakoidlumencytchromec6protein-thylakoidlumen|15kDa
PC|plastocyanin-thylakoidlumen|35kDa
PGL35|plastoglobulin35-plastoglobules|35kDa
PRKribulose-5-P-kinase|phosphoribulokinase-thylakoidmembrane28-30kDa
PsbA|D1proteinofPSII,C-terminal-stroma|52.7kDa
PsbA|D1proteinofPSII,C-terminal(100µl)-innerenvelopemembrane|45kDa
PsbA|D1proteinofPSII,phosphorylated-outerenvelopemembrane|75kDa
Tic40|chloroplastinnerenvelopemembranetransloconcomplexprotein(200µl)-outerenvelopemembrane|75kDa
Toc75|ProteinTOC75-3,chloroplastic,POTRAdomain3
Cytoplasm
ACT|Actin|45kDa
cFBPase|cytosolicfructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(cytoplasmmarkerinphotosynthetictissues)|37kDa
NAB1|nucleicacidbindingprotein1,Chlamydomonas|26kDa(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii)
RbcL|Rubiscolargesubunit,formIandformII(50µl)|52.5kDa(cyanobacteria)
SPS|sucrosephosphatesynthase,global|120-130kDa
SPS|sucrosephosphatesynthase,maize
UGPase|UDP-glucosepyrophosphorylase(cytoplasmmarker)|51.6kDa
ER
BiP|lumenal-bindingprotein|80kDa
HDEL|endoplasmicreticulumretentionsignal(100µg)|-integralERmembraneprotein|38kDa
KDEL|endoplasmicreticulumretentionsignal(50µg)|21kDa
Sar1|secretion-associatedandRas-relatedprotein1
SMT1|Sterolmethyltransferase1
Golgi
Arf1|ADP-ribosylationfactor1|21kDa
Sec21p|gammasubunit,COPvesicles|98kDa
Mitochondria
AOX1|alternativeoxidase1-mitochondrialinnermembrane|36kDa(forChlamydomonas)
AOX1/2|plantalternativeoxidase1and2-mitochondrialinnermembrane|36-40kDa(forArABIdopsisthaliana)
COXII cytochromeoxidasesubunitII-mitochondrialinnermembrane|30kDa(forArabidopsisthaliana)
COXIIb|cytochromeoxidasesubunitIIb-mitochondrialinnermembrane|15kDa
GDC-H|Hproteinofglycinedecarboxylasecomplex(GDC)-mitochondrialmatrix|16kDa
Idh|isocitratedehydrogenase-mitochondrialmatrix|45kDa
SHMT|serinehydroxymethyltransferase-mitochondrialmatrix|53kDa
VDAC1|voltage-dependentanion-selectivechannelprotein1-mitochondrialoutermembrane|29kDa
Nuclei
H3|histoneH3-nuclearmarker17kDaPeroxisome
Cat|Catalase(peroxisomalmarker)
DEG15|endopeptidase,peroxisomalmarker
HPR|hydroxypyruvatereductase(peroxisomalmatrixmarker)
Plasmamembrane
H+ATPase|plasmamembraneH+ATPase|95kDa
Plastidial
GOGAT|glutamineoxoglutarateaminotransferase|95kDa
Vacuole
V-ATPase|epsilonsubunitoftonoplastH+ATPase
V-ATPase|epsilonsubunitoftonoplastH+ATPase(200µl) |31kDa
Note:presentedMWisforarespectiveproteininArabidopsisthaliana
References: Wulfetangeetal.(2011).CytokininreceptorsofArabidopsisarelocatedmainlytotheendoplasmicreticulum.PlantPhysiology,156(4):1808-1818.
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NaturalProteinStopsDeadlyHumanBrainCancerInMice
ScientistsfromJohnsHopkinsandfromtheUniversityofMilanhaveeffectivelyproventhattheycaninhibitlethalhumanbraincancersinmiceusingaproteinthatselectivelyinducespositivechangesintheactivityofcellsthatbehavelikecancerstemcells.ThereportispublishedinNature.
Themostcommontypeofbraincancer-glioblastoma-ismarkedbythepresenceofthesestem-cell-likebraincells,which,insteadoftriggeringthereplacementofdamagedcells,formcancertissue.Stemcells,unlikeallothercellsinthebody,arecapableofformingalmostanykindofcellwhentheright"signals"triggertheirdevelopment.
Fortheirtreatmentexperiment,theresearchersreliedonaclassofproteins,bonemorphogenicproteins,thatcauseneuralstem-cell-likeclusterstolosetheirstemcellproperties,whichinturnstopstheirABIlitytodivide.
Firsttheypretreatedhumanglioblastomacellswithbonemorphogenicprotein4(BMP4),theninjectedthesetreatedcellsintomousebrains.Inmiceinjectedwithcellsthatwerenotpretreated,large,invasivecancersgrew.InthemicewithBMP4-treatedcells,nocancersgrewatall.Threetofourmonthsafterinjection,allmicethatgotuntreatedcellsdied,andnearlyallmicewithBMP4-treatedcellswerealive.
Next,thescientistsdeliveredslow-releaseBMP4-containing"beads"directlyintomousebrainswithimplantedglioblastomacells.Micethatgotemptybeadsdevelopedlargemalignanttumorsanddied.MicewithBMP4beadssurvivedmuchlonger,and80percentsurvivedfourmonthsaftercancercellimplants.
"OurideaistotreatpatientswithBMP4orsomethinglikeitrightaftersurgerytoremoveglioblastomainhopesofpreventingtheregrowthofthecancerandimprovingsurvivaltime,"saysAlessandroOlivi,M.D.,directoroftheDivisionofNeurosurgicalOncologyatHopkinsandacontributortothestudy.
OlivisaysclinicalstudiesusingBMP4couldbeginwithinayearand,ifsuccessful,drugtherapiescouldbeavailabletothepublicwithinthreetofouryears.
"ThiswasproofoftheideathatBMPscouldstopglioblastomabydepletingthestem-cell-likepopulationthatfeedsit,"saysHenryBrem,M.D.,chairmanoftheDepartmentofNeurosurgeryatHopkinsandacollaboratorinthestudy."Thisopensexcitingdoorstofutureresearchintotreatmentsandtherapiesforsuchadevastatingdisease."