This product is freeze dried. All water molecules have been removed.
This antibody is shipped with its antigen FREE of charge!
- Peptide (C)DDYG RPGIE KFREE, corresponding to amino acid residues 216-229 of human CaSR (Accession P41180). N-terminus, extracellular.
- Western blot analysis of Colo205 (lanes 1 and 3), rat liver (lanes 2 and 4) and mouse kidney (lanes 5 and 6) lysates:1,2,5. Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-004), (1:200).
3,4,6. Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with the control peptide antigen.
- Expression of CaSR in rat brainImmunohistochemical staining of rat hippocampal CA1 region using Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-004). A. CaSR staining appears in the soma and appical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons (arrows). B. Nuclear staining using DAPI as the counterstain. C. Merge image of A and B pannels
- Cell surface detection of CaSR in live Jurkat (human acute T cell leukemia) cells:___ Unstained cells.
___ Cells + Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-004), (10 µg/5x105 cells).
- Expression of CaSR in rat C6 cellsCell surface detection of CaSR in live intact rat glioma C6 cells. A. Extracellular staining of cells using Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-004), (1:50), followed by Alexa-555-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit secondary antibody. B. Nuclear fluorescence staining of cells using Hoechst 33342. C. Merged images of panels A and B.
- 1. IUPHAR RECEPTOR DATABASE.
- 2. Racz, G.Z. et al. (2002) Gut 51, 705.
- 3. Canaff, L. and Hendy, G.N. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30337.
- 4. Chen, R.A. and Goodman, W.G. (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286, F1005
- 5. Chattopadhyay, N. (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290, E761.
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The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of subfamily C of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. As its primary role, the CaSR is a key player in calcium homeostasis and is expressed in tissues involved in calcium metabolism such as parathyroid cells and the kidneys.1,2
The expression of CaSR was also described in other cell types and tissues, such as neurons, keratinocytes, and the pancreas. However, the role of CaSR in these cells remains to be established.1,2 Following the identification of functional vitamin D response elements in the CaSR gene, it was suggested that vitamin D might regulate the expression of CaSR.3
CaSR activation is followed by a rapid, transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration, resulting from mobilization of calcium from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular stores, as well as an increased calcium influx through voltage-insensitive calcium channels located at the cell membrane.4
CaSR regulates cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation under both normal and pathologic conditions.5
Recent studies demonstrated the expression in human colon epithelium of CaSR, which regulates proliferation and differentiation. In colon carcinomas, lower levels of expression were found in the cancerous tissue compared to normal colon tissue.
Anti-Calcium Sensing Receptor (extracellular) Antibody (#ACR-004) is a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope of the human CaSR. The antibody can be used in western blot, immunohistochemistry, indirect flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry, and live cell imaging applications. It has been designed to recognize CaSR from human, rat, and mouse samples.
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抗人球蛋白试验,又称Coombs’试验,是诊断自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)的重要依据。
正常人直接与间接试验均为阴性,Coombs’试验阴性有时并不能排除AIHA
本试验阳性结果主要见于下列几种情况:
1.自身免疫性贫血,(IgG)型引起的溶血性贫血,本试验直接反应常呈强阳性,间接反应大多阴性,但亦可阳性。
2.药物诱发的免疫性溶血性贫血①α-甲基多巴型:直接及间接反应均阳性。②青霉素型:直接反应阳性,间接反应阴性,以上二型如以正常红细胞先与有关药物于37℃培育后再加病人血清、间接反应均为阳性。③福阿亭型:(奎宁等药物)抗体通常为IgM,偶有IgG型者,直接反应为阳性,间接反应阴性,但如用IgG抗血清做试剂则结果大部分均为阴性,但如培育时加入新鲜正常人血清(供应补体)则结果为阳性。
3.冷凝集素综合征直接反应阳性,间接反应阴性(试验需在37℃下进行)由于本病红细胞膜附着的是补体C4和C3而不是IgG或IgM,如果用抗IgG或抗IgM抗血清做试验时,则结果阴性,如以抗补体的抗血清做试验则直接反应阳性。
4.新生儿同种免疫溶血病,因Rh血型不合所致溶血病,直接及间接反应均强阳性,持续数周、换血输血后数天内可变为阴性,由于“ABO”血型不合引起的溶血病,结果常为阴性或弱阳性。
5.红细胞血型不合引起的输血反应,ABO或Rh血型不合输血,供者的红细胞被受者的血型抗体致敏,在供者被致敏的红细胞完全破坏以前,直接反应阳性,Rh阴性者如过去不曾接受过Rh阳性者的血或曾妊娠胎儿为Rh阳性者,间接反应阳性,如无上述接触,第一次输血后(Rh阳性的血),数天之内间接反应也会变为阳性。
6.其它在传染性单核细胞增多症、SLE、恶性淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、癌肿、铅中毒、结节性动脉周围炎、EVan氏综合征等,病人直接反应亦可阳性,阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿症患者中,急性发作后用抗补体血清做试验直接反应常为阳性。展开
鼠抗人CD3单克隆抗体针对人的CD3
CD3单克隆抗体,要看其说明书,该抗体是否识别其他生物(如大鼠)的CD3.
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