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R&D Systems/Recombinant Human TNF-alpha Protein/210-TA-100/CF/100 ug
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Purity>97%,bySDS-PAGEunderreducingconditionsandvisualizedbysilverstain.EndotoxinLevelActivityMeasuredinacytotoxicityassayusingL‑929mousefibroblastcellsinthepresenceofthemetabolicinhibitoractinomycin D.Matthews, N.andM.L.Neale(1987)inLymphokinesandInterferons,APracticalApproach.Clemens,M.J.etal.(eds):IRLPress.221.TheED50forthiseffectis25-100 pg/mL.ThespecificactivityofRecombinantHumanTNF-alphaisapproximately 7.6x104IU/μg,whichiscalibratedagainsthumanTNF-alphaWHOInternationalStandard(NIBSCcode:88/786).SourceE.coli-derivedVal77-Leu233,withandwithoutanN-terminalMetAccession#P01375N-terminalSequenceAnalysisMet&Val77PredictedMolecularMass17.5kDaSDS-PAGE17kDa,reducingconditionsReferences:Zelova,H.andJ.Hosek(2013)Inflamm.Res.62:641.Juhasz,K.etal.(2013)ExpertRev.Clin.Immunol.9:335.Pennica,D.etal.(1984)Nature312:724.Tang,P.etal.(1996)Biochemistry35:8216.Perez,C.etal.(1990)Cell63:251.Black,R.A.etal.(1997)Nature385:729.Moss,M.L.etal.(1997)Nature385:733.Gearing,A.J.H.etal.(1994)Nature370:555.Schall,T.J.etal.(1990)Cell61:361.Loetscher,H.etal.(1990)Cell61:351.Dembic,Z.etal.(1990)Cytokine2:231.Smith,C.A.etal.(1990)Science248:1019.Loetscher,H.etal.(1991)J.Biol.Chem.266:18324.Pinckard,J.K.etal.(1997)J.Biol.Chem.272:10784.Engelmann,H.etal.(1990)J.Biol.Chem.265:1531.LongName:TumorNecrosisFactoralphaEntrezGeneIDs:7124(Human);21926(Mouse);24835(Rat);397086(Porcine);280943(Bovine);403922(Canine);100033834(Equine);493755(Feline);100009088(Rabbit)AlternateNames:APC1protein;Cachectin;Cachetin;DIF;TNF;TNF,monocyte-derived;tnfa;tnf-a;TNFalpha;TNF-alpha;TNF-alphacachectin;TNFATNF,macrophage-derived;TNFSF1A;TNFSF2;TNFSF2TNFsuperfamily,member2;tumornecrosisfactor(TNFsuperfamily,member2);tumornecrosisfactoralpha;Tumornecrosisfactorligandsuperfamilymember2;tumornecrosisfactor;tumornecrosisfactor-alphaBackground:Tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-alpha),alsoknownascachectinandTNFSF2,istheprototypicligandoftheTNFsuperfamily.Itisapleiotropicmoleculethatplaysacentralroleininflammation,immunesystemdevelopment,apoptosis,andlipidmetabolism(1,2).HumanTNF-alphaconsisitsofa35aminoacid(aa)cytoplasmicdomain,a21aatransmembranesegment,anda177aaextracellulardomain(ECD)(3).WithintheECD,humanTNF-alphashares97%aasequenceidentitywithrhesusand71%-92%withbovine,canine,cottonrat,equine,feline,mouse,porcine,andratTNF-alpha.TNF-alphaisproducedbyawidevarietyofimmune,epithelial,endothelial,andtumorcells(1,2).TNF-alphaisassembledintracellularlytoformanoncovalentlylinkedhomotrimerwhichisexpressedonthecellsurface(4).CellsurfaceTNF-alphacaninducethelysisofneighboringtumorcellsandvirusinfectedcells,anditcangenerateitsowndownstreamcellsignalingfollowingligationbysolubleTNFRI(2,5).SheddingofmembraneboundTNF-alphabyTACE/ADAM17releasesthebioactivecytokine,a55kDasolubletrimeroftheTNF-alphaextracellulardomain(6-8).TNF-alphABIndstheubiquitous55-60kDaTNFRI(9,10)andthehematopoieticcell-restricted80kDaTNFRII(11,12),bothofwhicharealsoexpressedashomotrimers(1, 2, 13).BothtypeIandtypeIIreceptorsbindTNF-alphawithcomparableaffinity(14),althoughonlyTNFRIcontainsacytoplasmicdeathdomainwhichtriggerstheactivationofapoptosis.SolubleformsofbothtypesofreceptorsarereleasedandcanneutralizetheBIOLOGicalactivityofTNF-alpha(15).

      R&D Systems位于美国的明尼苏达州,一直致力于生物制品的开发与生产。公司成立之初主要生产用于医院及临床应用的血控品。1997年,公司推出第一个产品--富血小板血浆质控品;1981年,公司成为全球第二家生产含血小板全血控品的供应商。40多年的发展中,R&D Systems仍持续开发各种血控品产品。

  1985年,作为公司推出的第一个科研试剂产品,也是全球第一家将该产品进行商业化生产的产品,R&D Systems成功上市了TGF-beta1蛋白。作为胞外信号分子,TGF-beta1蛋白在多种细胞中进行表达,并作为胞外信号分子参与免疫功能,细胞增殖和细胞分化等生物学过程。该产品推出后,公司陆续从生物材料中纯化了几种细胞因子产品并推向市场。

  天然蛋白类产品的成功推广,加速了R&D Systems在细胞因子市场的开拓。公司于1985年形成Growth Factor事业部(现Biotechnology事业部)。Biotechnology事业部的目标是生产和营销重组人细胞因子。与天然来源提取蛋白相比较,DNA重组技术生产的蛋白产品其成本更低,产量更高,完全摆脱原料的限制。1989年,Biotechnology事业部开始开发抗细胞因子的单克隆和多克隆抗体,并于1990年开发了第一个ELISA试剂盒。

  2014年2月10日,R&D Systems的母公司宣布命名为Bio-Techne. Bio-Techne旗下包括R&D Systems, Novus Biologicals, BiosPacific, Tocris Bioscience, Boston Biochem和Bionostics。