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R&D Systems/Recombinant Human VEGF 165 Protein/293-VE-500/500 ug
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Purity>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.Endotoxin LevelActivityMeasured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conn, G. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1323. The ED50 for this effect is 1-6 ng/mL.The specific activity of recombinant human VEGF165 is approximately 1.7 x 103 U/μg, which is calibrated against recombinant human VEGF165 WHO Standard (NIBSC code: 02/286).SourceSpodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived Ala27-Arg191Accession #NP_001165097 N-terminal Sequence AnalysisAla27Structure / FormDisulfide-linked homodimerPredicted Molecular Mass19.2 kDa (monomer)SDS-PAGE20-22 kDa, reducing conditions39-42 kDa, non-reducing conditions References:Leung, D.W. et al. (1989) Science 246:1306. Keck, P.J. et al. (1989) Science 246:1309. Byrne, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9:777. Robinson, C.J. and S.E. Stringer (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.Pan, Q. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:24049.Weis, S.M. and D.A. Cheresh (2005) Nature 437:497.Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.Carvalho, J.F. et al. (2007) J. Clin. Immunol. 27:246.Angelo, L.S. and R. Kurzrock (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. 13:2825.Long Name:Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorEntrez Gene IDs:7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)Alternate Names:MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factorBackground:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues and a cystine knot structure (4). Humans express alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length (4). VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189 (3, 4). Isoforms other than VEGF121 contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Human VEGF165 shares 88% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse and rat, 96% with porcine, 95% with canine, and 93% with feline, equine and bovine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although VEGF affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). VEGF165 binds the semaphorin receptor, Neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (5). VEGF is required during embryogenesis to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4). In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage (6, 7). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (8). VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, oncostatin M and TNF-alpha(3, 4, 9).
R&D Systems位于美国的明尼苏达州,一直致力于生物制品的开发与生产。公司成立之初主要生产用于医院及临床应用的血控品。1997年,公司推出第一个产品--富血小板血浆质控品;1981年,公司成为全球第二家生产含血小板全血控品的供应商。40多年的发展中,R&D Systems仍持续开发各种血控品产品。
1985年,作为公司推出的第一个科研试剂产品,也是全球第一家将该产品进行商业化生产的产品,R&D Systems成功上市了TGF-beta1蛋白。作为胞外信号分子,TGF-beta1蛋白在多种细胞中进行表达,并作为胞外信号分子参与免疫功能,细胞增殖和细胞分化等生物学过程。该产品推出后,公司陆续从生物材料中纯化了几种细胞因子产品并推向市场。
天然蛋白类产品的成功推广,加速了R&D Systems在细胞因子市场的开拓。公司于1985年形成Growth Factor事业部(现Biotechnology事业部)。Biotechnology事业部的目标是生产和营销重组人细胞因子。与天然来源提取蛋白相比较,DNA重组技术生产的蛋白产品其成本更低,产量更高,完全摆脱原料的限制。1989年,Biotechnology事业部开始开发抗细胞因子的单克隆和多克隆抗体,并于1990年开发了第一个ELISA试剂盒。
2014年2月10日,R&D Systems的母公司宣布命名为Bio-Techne. Bio-Techne旗下包括R&D Systems, Novus Biologicals, BiosPacific, Tocris Bioscience, Boston Biochem和Bionostics。
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