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R&D Systems/MAB3381-100/100 ug

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Species ReactivityHuman, Mouse, RatSpecificityDetects recombinant human Activin A in ELISAs. Also recognizes Activin A precursor. The amino acid sequences of maturebeta A subunits from human, mouse and rat are identical. Therefore, this antibody will also detect the maturebeta A subunit from mouse and rat.SourceMonoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 69403PurificationProtein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatantImmunogenChinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human Activin AFormulationLyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.Endotoxin LevelLabelUnconjugated Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Sandwich ImmunoassayReagentELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)2-8 µg/mL Human/Mouse/Rat Activin Abeta A subunit Antibody (Catalog # MAB3381)ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair)0.5-2.0 µg/mL Human/Mouse/Rat Activin Abeta A subunit Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAM3381) NeutralizationMeasured by its ability to neutralize Activin A-induced hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.02-0.06 µg/mL in the presence of 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A. ReconstitutionReconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.ShippingThe product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °CStability & StorageUse a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. References:Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.Entrez Gene IDs:3624 (Human); 16323 (Mouse)Alternate Names:Activin A; INHBABackground:Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-betasuperfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of variousbeta subunits ( beta A,beta B,beta C, andbeta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a uniquealpha subunit and one of thebeta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of twobeta A chains. Thebeta A subunit can also heterodimerize with abeta B orbeta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature humanbeta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and ratbeta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of thebeta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes withalpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

R&D Systems位于美国的明尼苏达州，一直致力于生物制品的开发与生产。公司成立之初主要生产用于医院及临床应用的血控品。1997年，公司推出第一个产品--富血小板血浆质控品；1981年，公司成为全球第二家生产含血小板全血控品的供应商。40多年的发展中，R&D Systems仍持续开发各种血控品产品。

1985年，作为公司推出的第一个科研试剂产品，也是全球第一家将该产品进行商业化生产的产品，R&D Systems成功上市了TGF-beta1蛋白。作为胞外信号分子，TGF-beta1蛋白在多种细胞中进行表达，并作为胞外信号分子参与免疫功能，细胞增殖和细胞分化等生物学过程。该产品推出后，公司陆续从生物材料中纯化了几种细胞因子产品并推向市场。

天然蛋白类产品的成功推广，加速了R&D Systems在细胞因子市场的开拓。公司于1985年形成Growth Factor事业部（现Biotechnology事业部）。Biotechnology事业部的目标是生产和营销重组人细胞因子。与天然来源提取蛋白相比较，DNA重组技术生产的蛋白产品其成本更低，产量更高，完全摆脱原料的限制。1989年，Biotechnology事业部开始开发抗细胞因子的单克隆和多克隆抗体，并于1990年开发了第一个ELISA试剂盒。

2014年2月10日，R&D Systems的母公司宣布命名为Bio-Techne. Bio-Techne旗下包括R&D Systems, Novus Biologicals, BiosPacific, Tocris Bioscience, Boston Biochem和Bionostics。