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R&D Systems/Recombinant Human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Protein/201-LB-025/25 ug

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Purity>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.Endotoxin LevelActivityMeasured in a cell proliferation assay using D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. Symons, J.A. et al. (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, a Practical Approach. Clemens, M.J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 272. The ED50 for this effect is The specific activity of recombinant human IL-1 betais approximately 1.4 x 105 IU/μg, which is calibrated against recombinant human IL-1 betaWHO International Standard (NIBSC code: 86/680).SourceE. coli-derived Ala117-Ser269Accession #NP_000567 N-terminal Sequence AnalysisAla117 & Pro118Predicted Molecular Mass17 kDaSDS-PAGE17 kDa, reducing conditions References:Allan, S.M. et al. (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5:629.Boraschi, D. and A. Tagliabue (2006) Vitam. Horm. 74:229.Kornman, K.S. (2006) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83:475S.Isoda, K. and F. Ohsuzu (2006) J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 13:21.March, C.J. et al. (1985) Nature 315:641.Auron, P.E. et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81:7907.Martinon, F. and J. Tschopp (2007) Cell Death Differ. 14:10. Long Name:Interleukin 1 betaEntrez Gene IDs:3553 (Human); 16176 (Mouse); 24494 (Rat); 397122 (Porcine); 403974 (Canine); 100034237 (Equine); 100135556 (Guinea Pig)Alternate Names:catabolin; IL1 beta; IL-1 beta; IL-1; IL1B; IL-1b; IL1-BETA; IL-1F2; IL1F2IL-1 beta; interleukin 1, beta; interleukin-1 beta; preinterleukin 1 beta; pro-interleukin-1-betaBackground:IL-1 is a name that designates two pleiotropic cytokines, IL-1 alpha(IL-1F1) and IL-1 beta(IL-1F2), which are the products of distinct genes. IL-1 alphaand IL-1 betaare structurally related polypeptides that share approximately 21% amino acid (aa) identity in human. Both proteins are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins. While IL-1 alphaand IL-1 betaare regulated independently, they bind to the same receptor and exert identical biological effects. IL-1 RI binds directly to IL-1 alphaor IL-1 betaand then associates with IL-1 R accessory protein (IL-1 R3/IL-1 R AcP) to form a high-affinity receptor complex that is competent for signal transduction. IL-1 RII has high affinity for IL-1 betabut functions as a decoy receptor and negative regulator of IL-1 betaactivity. IL-1ra functions as a competitive antagonist by preventing IL-1 alphaand IL-1 betafrom interacting with IL-1 RI (1-4). The human IL-1 betacDNA encodes a 269 aa precursor. A 116 aa propeptide is cleaved intracellularly by the cysteine protease IL-1 beta -converting enzyme (Caspase-1/ICE) to generate the active cytokine (5-7). The 17 kDa mature human IL-1 betashares 96% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 67%-78% with canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat IL-1 beta.

R&D Systems位于美国的明尼苏达州，一直致力于生物制品的开发与生产。公司成立之初主要生产用于医院及临床应用的血控品。1997年，公司推出第一个产品--富血小板血浆质控品；1981年，公司成为全球第二家生产含血小板全血控品的供应商。40多年的发展中，R&D Systems仍持续开发各种血控品产品。

1985年，作为公司推出的第一个科研试剂产品，也是全球第一家将该产品进行商业化生产的产品，R&D Systems成功上市了TGF-beta1蛋白。作为胞外信号分子，TGF-beta1蛋白在多种细胞中进行表达，并作为胞外信号分子参与免疫功能，细胞增殖和细胞分化等生物学过程。该产品推出后，公司陆续从生物材料中纯化了几种细胞因子产品并推向市场。

天然蛋白类产品的成功推广，加速了R&D Systems在细胞因子市场的开拓。公司于1985年形成Growth Factor事业部（现Biotechnology事业部）。Biotechnology事业部的目标是生产和营销重组人细胞因子。与天然来源提取蛋白相比较，DNA重组技术生产的蛋白产品其成本更低，产量更高，完全摆脱原料的限制。1989年，Biotechnology事业部开始开发抗细胞因子的单克隆和多克隆抗体，并于1990年开发了第一个ELISA试剂盒。

2014年2月10日，R&D Systems的母公司宣布命名为Bio-Techne. Bio-Techne旗下包括R&D Systems, Novus Biologicals, BiosPacific, Tocris Bioscience, Boston Biochem和Bionostics。