Description:1.IntendedUse TheGenWayParainfluenza1/2/3IgAantibodyELISAkithasbeendesignedforthedetectionand thequantitativedeterminationofspecificIgAantibodiesagainstParainfluenza1/2/3inserumand plasma.FurtherapplicationsinotherbodyfluidsarepossIBLeandcanberequestedfromthe TechnicalServiceofGenWay. Thisassayisintendedforresearchuseonly. 2.GeneralInformation Theinfectionwithparainfluenzavirusesisair-bornefromman-to-man.Variousspeciesofanimals mayserveasvirusreservoir.Parainfluenzavirusesareendemicallyspreadworldwide.The SEROprevalenceofparainfluenzaininfantsintheirfirstyearoflifeis50%.Typicalforparainfluenza virusesarefrequentreinfections,thisappliesparticularlytoparainfluenza3viruses.Incubation timeis2-6days.Theparainfluenzavirusesareasubgroupoftheparamyxoviruses.Theyareofthe samesizeofapproximately150-300nm.Theyareether-sensitive,agglutinatehumanorchicken erythrocytesandhaveareceptor-destructiveenzyme,asknownfrominfluenzaviruses.Theycanbe cultivatedbestinprimarymonkeycellculturesorinhumanepithelcellcultures,however,less successfulinembryonizedchickeneggs.ltisdifferentiatedbetweenparainfluenza1,2,3and4. Togetherwiththerespiratorysyncytialviruses(RSviruses),thepathogensbelongtothemajorviral pathogensofdiseasesoftherespiratorytract,accompaniedbyseveresymptoms.Inadults, parainfluenzaviruscausesafeverishrhinitisandlaryngitis.Firstsignsaresuddenheadaches,pain inmusclesandjoints,followedbyfeverof38°-39°C.Ifthelowerrespiratorytractisinvolved, additionallytrachyphoneaanddrycoughdevelopsasasignoftracheobronchitis.Parainfluenza1 causesseverepneumoniasinnewborns,manifestedbyhighfever,cyanosis,dyspnoeaandbloody purulentsputum.Sometimes.meningitissymptomsoccuratthesametime.Parainfluenza2very oftencausesanacutelaryngotracheobronchitiswithpseudocroupininfantsandchildren.Firstsigns oftheinfectionarecatarrhalsymptoms, followedbytrachyphoena,drybarkingcoughand inspiratorystridor.Parainfluenza3virusesareconsideredthemajorpathogensofpneumoniaand bronchiolitis.Whiletypes1,2and3aredistributedworldwide,parainfluenzatype4appearsonlyin theUSA.Infections1and3occuralltheyear,whileparainfluenza2and4virusesappearonly sporADIcally.Laboratorydiagnosisofparainfluenzavirusesisdonewithhaemagglutination inhibitingtest(HIT)complementbindingreaction(CF)andneutralisationtest(NT).Newer methodsareIFAandELISA,whichallowtoidentifyIgGandIgAantibodiesinthesampleserum. Indifferentialdiagnosis,testsforotherparamyxoviruseslikemumps,shippingfevervirusesand simianvirustype5havetobeperformedduetopossiblecross-reactions. 3.PrincipleoftheTest TheGenWayParainfluenza1/2/3IgAantibodytest kitisbasedontheprincipleoftheenzyme immunoassay(EIA).Parainfluenza1/2/3antigenisboundonthesurfaceofthemicrotiterstrips. Dilutedsampleserumorready-to-usestandardsarePipettedintothewellsofthemicrotiterplate.A bindingbetweentheIgAantibodiesoftheserumandtheimmobilizedParainfluenza1/2/3antigen takesplace.Afteraonehourincubationatroomtemperature,theplateisrinsedwithdilutedwash solution,inordertoremoveunboundmaterial.Thenready-to-useanti-human-IgAperoxidase conjugateisaddedandincubatedfor30minutes.Afterafurtherwashingstep,thesubstrate(TMB) solutionispipettedandincubatedfor20minutes,inducingthedevelopmentofabluedyeinthe wells.Thecolordevelopmentisterminatedbytheadditionofastopsolution,whichchangesthe colorfrombluetoyellow.Theresultingdyeismeasuredspectrophotometricallyatthewavelength of450nm.TheconcentrationofIgAantibodiesisdirectlyproportionaltotheintensityofthecolor. AdditionalInformation:NameParainfluenza1/2/3IgAELISARelatedProductNamesParainfluenza1/2/3IgAELISAIntendedUseResearchUseOnly