Description:ProductName:Leptin(Ms/Rat)Category:Diabetes&MetabolismSampleType:SerumandplasmaSensitivity:10pg/mLDescription:EnzymeImmunoassayforQuantitativeDeterminationofMouseandRatLeptin(ObeseProtein).#ofSamples:1X96AssaysIntroduction:Leptin,theproductoftheobgene(1,2),isarecentlydiscoveredsingle-chainproteohormonewithamolecularweightof16kDwhichisthoughttoplayakeyroleintheregulationofbodyweight.Itsaminoacidsequenceexhibitsnomajorhomologieswithotherproteins(1).LeptinisalmostexclusivelyproducedbydifferentiatedADIpocytes(3-5).Itactsonthecentralnervoussystem,inparticularthehypothalamus,therebysuppressingfoodintakeandstimulatingenergyexpenditure(2,6-9).Leptinreceptors-alternativelysplicedformsexistthatdifferinlength-belongtothecytokineclassIreceptorfamily(10-12).Theyarefoundubiquitouslyinthebody(10,11,13,14)indicatingageneralroleofleptinwhichiscurrentlynotfullyunderstood.Acirculatingformoftheleptinreceptorexistswhichactsasoneofseveralleptinbindingproteins(15).Besidesitsmetaboliceffects,leptinwasshowntohaveastronginfluenceonanumberofendocrineaxes.Inmalemice,itbluntedthestarvation-inducedmarkeddeclineofLH,testosterone,thyroxineandtheincreaseofACTHandcorticosterone.Infemalemice,leptinpreventedthestarvation-induceddelayinovulation(16).Ob/obmice,whichareleptindeficientduetoanobgenemutation,areinfertile.ThisdefectcouldbecorrectedbyadmiNISTrationofleptin,butnotthroughweightlossduetofasting(17),suggestingthatleptinispivotalforreproductivefunctions.Alltheseactionsmay,atleastinpart,beexplainedbythesuppressiveeffectofleptinonneuropeptideY(NPY)expressionandsecretionbyneuronsinthearcuatenucleus(6,18,19).NPYisastrongstimulatorofappetite(20,21)andisknowntobeinvolvedintheregulationofvariouspituitaryhormones,e.g.suppressionofGHthroughstimulationofsomatostatin(22,23),suppressionofgonadotropins(23)orstimulationofthepituitary-adrenalaxis(21).Themostimportantvariablethatdeterminescirculatingleptinlevelsisbodyfatmass(24-26).Obviously,underconditionsofregulareatingcycles,leptinreflectstheproportionofadiposetissue(27)showinganexponentialrelationship(37).Thisconstitutivesynthesisofleptinismodulatedbyanumberofnon-hormonalandhormonalvariables.Stimulatorsinbothrodentsandhumansareoverfeeding(28,29),insulin(3,5,30-33)andglucocorticoids(5,34-36).Suppressionhasbeenshownforfasting(27),cAMPandbeta--3-adrenoceptoragonists(35).Fromthesefindingsitbecomesclearthatleptinisanintegralcomponentofvariousmetabolicandendocrinefeedbackloops(38).TechnicalFeatures+Applications:-Highlyspecific,sensitiveandfastassayformouseandratleptin-CalibratedagainsttheWHOInternationalStandardformouseleptin:Code97/626(39,40)-Noextractionrequired-Nointerferencefromleptinbindingproteinsduetohighaffinityofantiserum-Completerecovery,measurestotalleptininserum-Highsensitivityallowsprecisemeasurementalsoinleananimals:Detectionlimit10pg/ml-Smallsamplevolumerequirementduetohighsensitivity:e.g.,lessthan5?l/wellProductName:Leptin(Ms/Rat)Function:Mayfunctionaspartofasignalingpathwaythatactstoregulatethesizeofthebodyfatdepot.AnincreaseinthelevelofLEPmayactdirectlyorindirectlyontheCNStoinhibitfoodintakeand/orregulateenergyexpenditureaspartofahomeostaticmechanismtomaintainconstancyoftheadiposemass.Subunit:InteractswithSIGLEC6.SubcellularLocation:Secreted.Disease:DefectsinLEPmaybeacauseofautosomalrecessiveobesity[MIM:601665].Similarity:Belongstotheleptinfamily.AdditionalInformation:NameLeptin(Ms/Rat)ELISAKitRelatedProductNamesLeptin(Ms/Rat)ELISAKit;Obesityfactor;ObeseproteinOB;OBSLeptin(Ms/Rat)LEPNCBIAccNumberNP_000221.1MolecularWeight18641SwissProtNumberP41159IntendedUseResearchUseOnly