亚油酸是人类饮食中主要的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)。亚油酸的羟基十八碳二烯酸 (HODE) 衍生物 9(S)-HODE、9(R) HODE 和 13(S)-HODE 是已知亚油酸代谢物中分布最广的。 HODE 可以通过环氧合酶、脂肪氧化酶和一些细胞色素 P450 酶促产生。然而，大部分亚油酸过氧化，尤其是 9-HODE 的产生，是通过非酶促过程发生的，因此 HODE 是自由基介导的脂质过氧化的极好指标。在哺乳动物细胞中，自由基主要来源于过氧化物和单线态氧，它们被称为活性氧 (ROS)。 ROS 衍生的自由基包括超氧阴离子和羟基自由基。大多数 ROS 在反应前仅扩散一纳米左右。体内自由基反应最重要的目标是脂质，产生的氧化脂质可以在整个循环系统中传播。
检测原理
该试剂盒是一种竞争性酶联免疫检测 (ELISA)。简而言之，样品或标准品中存在的 9-HODE 与偶联辣根过氧化物酶 [9(±)-HODE-HRP] 的 9(±)-HODE 竞争结合预先包被在 9(±)-HODE 上的抗体一个微孔板。加入底物后，9(±)-HODE-HRP 的过氧化物酶活性会导致显色。颜色的强度与结合的 9(±)-HODE-HRP 的量成正比，与样品或标准品中存在的未结合的 9-HODE 的量成反比。
产品文档规格表 EA80.090304.pdf相关产品ProductCAT.#SizePriceCypExpress 1A1, 250 mgCE1A1.250250 mg$225.00Anti-Human CYP450 3A4，兔多克隆 PA320.1 mL$315.00GST A1-1，重组人 GS600.1 mg$460.00CypExpress 1A1，10.0 克 CE1A1.1010.0 克$3,760。00活性大鼠尿激酶，HMWVA570.05 毫克 390.00 美元返回顶部显示 1 - 10 件，共 38 件产品CAT.#SizePriceAnti 人 GST A1-1 山羊多克隆抗体 GS68100 uL$380.00抗人 GST A1-1 兔多克隆抗体 GS620.1 mL$380.00抗人 GST K1-1、小鼠单克隆抗体 GS250.1 mg$380.00Anti -人 GST M1-1GS670.1 mL$380.00抗人 GST M1-1，小鼠单克隆抗体 GS170.1 mg$380.00抗人 GST M3-3，小鼠单克隆抗体 GS190.1 mg$380.00抗人 GST O1-1，小鼠单克隆抗体GS260.1 mg$380.00Anti-Human GST P1-1GS720.1 mL$380.00Anti-Human GST T1-1, Mouse Monoclonal AntibodyGS200.1 mg$380.00Anti-Rat GST A (Ya) Goat PolyclonalGS090.1 mL$380.00Pagination当前页1Page2Page3Page4下一页下一页›最后最后一页 »返回顶部重置密码主选项卡登录创建新帐户重置密码（活动选项卡）返回顶部创建新帐户主选项卡登录创建新帐户（活动选项卡）重置密码返回顶部登录主选项卡登录（活动选项卡）创建新帐户重置密码返回顶部样本收集
牛津生物医学研究以生产可重复且可靠的化验而闻名。但是，您的结果仅与您开始时使用的样本一样好。在计划有关收集、保护、存储和处理的实验时应小心。以下是一些需要考虑的常见问题：
异前列烷：在血清、血浆和组织中，异前列烷可以继续产生。为了在收集时获得最佳结果，我们建议添加 20 uM BHT 和 14 uM 吲哚美辛作为保护样品的方法。样品应尽快冷冻并储存在-80°C。应提取用于 EA84 检测试剂盒的样本。尿液样本无需提取即可使用 EA85 试剂盒进行检测。
GSH/GSSG：测量 GSH:GSSG 比率时，重要的是要防止收集后形成额外的 GSSG。我们的 GT35 和 GT40 检测试剂盒提供硫醇清除剂，应在 p 后立即添加收集后可能。将样品储存在 -80°C。
类花生酸和激素：样品应冷冻储存，并应在分析前提取。虽然可以在不提取的情况下获得结果，但会失去重现性和可靠性。
总抗氧化能力：该测定依赖于铜的还原来测量抗氧化能力。应避免使用所有金属螯合剂，包括 EDTA。应使用柠檬酸钠而不是 EDTA 采集血样。
返回页首提取方案以下提取方案特定于被分析的分子。更多信息可在各个检测试剂盒说明中找到。
AttachmentSize cAMP Extraction.pdf27.2 KB Cortisol and Testosterone Extraction.pdf39.62 KB Estradiol Extraction.pdf26.53 KB Isoprostane Extraction.pdf74.57 KB Leukotriene and Lipoxin Extraction .pdf41.93 KB 脂氧素 A4 提取.pdf30.09 KB 黄体酮提取.pdf37.26 KB 前列腺素和血栓素提取.pdf53.76 KB返回页首计算模板大多数现代读板器都能够进行 4 参数曲线拟合。对于那些使用 Excel 的用户，我们构建了这些计算模板，它们将提供样品浓度并绘制标准曲线。只需复制原始 OD。
AttachmentSize EA05 Prostaglandin F2a Template.xls92.5 KB EA08 6-keto-Prostaglandin F1a Template.xls92.5 KB EA11 11B-Prostaglandin F2a Template.xls92.5 KB EA20 13,14- dihydro-15-keto-Prostaglandin F2a Template.xls92.5 KB EA25 Thromboxane B2 Template.xls115.5 KB EA30 11-dehydro-Thromboxane B2 Template.xls69.5 KB EA31 Histamine Template.xls87.5 KB EA35 Leukotriene B4 Template.xls92 KB EA38 白三烯 C4 模板.xls92 KB EA39 白三烯 C4、D4、E4 模板.xls92 KB EA45 脂氧素 A4 模板.xls92 KB EA46 15-epi-脂氧素 A4 模板.xls92 KB EA50 循环 AMP 模板.xls92 KB EA65 皮质醇模板.xls7 0。 5 KB EA66 皮质酮模板.xls92 KB EA68 雄烯二酮模板 (1).xls92 KB EA68 雄烯二酮模板.xls92 KB EA70 雌二醇模板.xls92 KB EA71 雌三醇模板.xls92 KB EA74 黄体酮模板.xls92 KB EA78 睾酮模板.xls92 KB EA80 9-HODE 模板.xls92.5 KB EA84 15-异前列烷 F2t 模板.xls92 KB EA85异前列烷模板.xls70 KB GT35-40 GSH-GSSG 模板.xls67.5 KBWhile every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.Top QuestionsWhat is a fish?A fish is any of approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate animals. The term fish is applied to a variety of vertebrates of several evolutionary lines. It describes a life-form rather than a taxonomic group.How do fish sleep?When a fish sleeps, it exists in a seemingly listless state in which the fish maintains its balance but moves slowly. If attacked or disturbed, most fish can dart away. A few kinds of fish lie on the bottom to sleep. Most fish do not have eyelids, so they cannot close their eyes to sleep.How do fish hear?The organs of hearing in fish are entirely internal, located within the skull, on each side of the brain, and somewhat behind the eyes. Sound waves, especially those of low frequencies, travel readily through water and impinge directly upon the bones and fluids of the head and body to be transmitted to the hearing organs. Full Article fish, any of approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate animals (phylum Chordata) found in the fresh and salt waters of the world. Living species range from the primitive jawless lampreys and hagfishes through the cartilaginous sharks, skates, and rays to the abundant and diverse bony fishes. Most fish species are cold-blooded; however, one species, the opah (Lampris guttatus), is warm-blooded.The term fish is applied to a variety of vertebrates of several evolutionary lines. It describes a life-form rather than a taxonomic group. As members of the phylum Chordata, fish share certain features with other vertebrates. These features are gill slits at some point in the life cycle, a notochord, or skeletal supporting rod, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a tail. Living fishes represent some five classes, which are as distinct from one another as are the four classes of familiar air-breathing animals—amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For example, the jawless fishes (Agnatha) have gills in pouches and lack limb girdles. Extant agnathans are the lampreys and the hagfishes. As the name implies, the skeletons of fishes of the class Chondrichthyes (from chondr, \"cartilage,” and ichthyes, \"fish”) are made entirely of cartilage. Modern fish of this class lack a swim bladder, and their scales and teeth are made up of the same placoid material. Sharks, skates, and rays are examples of cartilaginous fishes. The bony fishes are by far the largest class. Examples range from the tiny sea horse to the 450-kg (1,000-pound) blue marlin, from the flattened soles and flounders to the boxy puffers and ocean sunfishes. Unlike the scales of the cartilaginous fishes, those of bony fishes, when present, grow throughout life and are made up of thin overlapping plates of bone. Bony fishes also have an operculum that covers the gill slits.lampreyLamprey (Lampetra) on rainbow trout.Oxford Scientific Films/Bruce Coleman Ltd.tiger sharkTiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier).© Ian Scott/Shutterstock.comThe study of fishes, the science of ichthyology, is of broad importance. Fishes are of interest to humans for many reasons, the most important being their relationship with and dependence on the environment. A more obvious reason for interest in fishes is their role as a moderate but important part of the world’s food supply. This resource, once thought unlimited, is now realized to be finite and in delicate balance with the biological, chemical, and physical factors of the aquatic environment. Overfishing, pollution, and alteration of the environment are the chief enemies of proper fisheries management, both in fresh waters and in the ocean. (For a detailed discussion of the technology and economics of fisheries, see commercial fishing.) Another practical reason for studying fishes is their use in disease control. As predators on mosquito larvae, they help curb malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases.commercial fishermenLanding a fish catch in the harbour of Esbjerg, Denmark.Wedigo Ferchlandopah (Lampris guttatus)The warm-bloodedness of the opah (Lampris guttatus) results from a heat exchange system in the fish\'s gills. Heat generated by muscle movement is transported in deoxygenated blood to the gills, which distribute the heat to oxygenated blood, which is then pumped by the heart to the rest of the fish\'s body.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Fishes are valuable laboratory animals in many aspects of medical and biological research. For example, the readiness of many fishes to acclimate to captivity has allowed biologists to study behaviour, physiology, and even ecology under relatively natural conditions. Fishes have been especially important in the study of animal behaviour, where research on fishes has provided a broad base for the understanding of the more flexible behaviour of the higher vertebrates. The zebra fish is used as a model in studies of gene expression.Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe NowThere are aesthetic and recreational reasons for an interest in fishes. Millions of people keep live fishes in home aquariums for the simple pleasure of observing the beauty and behaviour of animals otherwise unfamiliar to them. Aquarium fishes provide a personal challenge to many aquarists, allowing them to test their ability to keep a small section of the natural environment in their homes. Sportfishing is another way of enjoying the natural environment, also indulged in by millions of people every year. Interest in aquarium fishes and sportfishing supports multimillion-dollar industries throughout the world.harlequin fishHarlequin fish (Rasbora heteromorpha).Gene Wolfsheimerpencil fishPencil fish (Anostomus anostomus).Gene Wolfsheimer General features Structural diversity Fishes have been in existence for more than 450 million years, during which time they have evolved repeatedly to fit into almost every conceivable type of aquatic habitat. In a sense, land vertebrates are simply highly modified fishes: when fishes colonized the land habitat, they became tetrapod (four-legged) land vertebrates. The popular conception of a fish as a slippery, streamlined aquatic animal that possesses fins and breathes by gills applies to many fishes, but far more fishes deviate from that conception than conform to it. For example, the body is elongate in many forms and greatly shortened in others; the body is flattened in some (principally in bottom-dwelling fishes) and laterally compressed in many others; the fins may be elaborately extended, forming intricate shapes, or they may be reduced or even lost; and the positions of the mouth, eyes, nostrils, and gill openings vary widely. Air breathers have appeared in several evolutionary lines.oyster toadfishOyster toadfish (Opsanus tau).Roman Vishniac Archive, International Center of Photography, New York, courtesy of Mara Vishniac Kohn Many fishes are cryptically coloured and shaped, closely matching their respective environments; others are among the most brilliantly coloured of all organisms, with a wide range of hues, often of striking intensity, on a single individual. The brilliance of pigments may be enhanced by the surface structure of the fish, so that it almost seems to glow. A number of unrelated fishes have actual light-producing organs. Many fishes are able to alter their coloration—some for the purpose of camouflage, others for the enhancement of behavioral signals. Fishes range in adult length from less than 10 mm (0.4 inch) to more than 20 metres (60 feet) and in weight from about 1.5 grams (less than 0.06 ounce) to many thousands of kilograms. Some live in shallow thermal springs at temperatures slightly above 42 °C (100 °F), others in cold Arctic seas a few degrees below 0 °C (32 °F) or in cold deep waters more than 4,000 metres (13,100 feet) beneath the ocean surface. The structural and, especially, the physiological adaptations for life at such extremes are relatively poorly known and provide the scientifically curious with great incentive for study.