Description
Methoxy PEG Succinimidyl Carboxymethyl Ester for amine PEGylation, with superior quality specification of ≥95% Substitution.
JenKem Technology’s Methoxy PEG Succinimidyl Carboxymethyl Ester (Methoxy PEG NHS or Methoxy PEG SCM) is a high quality amine reactive PEG product with a stable non-degradable linker between the PEG polymeric chain and the NHS ester. Methoxy PEG Succinimidyl Carboxymethyl Ester reacts with the amine group of lysine(s) at room temperature in less than 1hr at pH 7-8. Shorter hydrolysis half life of M-PEG-SCM ensures maximum selectivity towards most sterically available amine groups.
JenKem Technology offers Methoxy PEG SCM Ester with MW 2kDa (M-SCM-2000), MW 3kDa (M-SCM-3000), MW 5kDa (M-SCM-5000), MW 10kDa (M-SCM-10K), MW 20kDa (M-SCM-20K), MW 30 kDa (M-SCM-30K), MW 35 kDa (M-SCM-35K) and MW 40kDa (M-SCM-40K), in 1g and 10g packing sizes. Different MW of Methoxy PEG SCM Ester products may be available by custom synthesis, please email us at tech@jenkemusa.com for details on custom PEGs. Other linear NHS esters are available – please select other stable linker NHS PEGs, or cleavable linker NHS PEGs. JenKem Technology provides repackaging services for an additional fee, please contact us if you require a different package size than our catalog selection.
Bulk PEGs and GMP grade PEGs are made-to-order. Please contact us for bulk pricing.
Click here to download the MSDS
References:
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Founded in 2001 by experts in PEG synthesis and PEGylation, JenKem Technology specializes exclusively in the development and manufacturing of high quality polyethylene glycol (PEG) products and derivatives, and related custom synthesis and PEGylation services. JenKem Technology is ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certified, and adheres to ICH Q7A guidelines for GMP manufacture. The production of JenKem® PEGs is back-integrated to in-house polymerization directly from ethylene oxide, enabling facile traceability for regulated customers. JenKem Technology caters to the PEGylation needs of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and diagnostics, and emerging chemical specialty markets, from laboratory scale through large commercial scale.
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1.甲醇
最早是用木材干馏法生产甲醇,故甲醇也叫木醇,1920年以后逐渐停止使用这个方法。几乎所有的甲醇均用合成气( synthesis gas)——一氧化碳和氢气——催化转化生产,即
CO+2H2——ZnO/Cr2O3,400℃,20~30MPa——>CH3OH ΔH=-92KJ/mol
这是一个放热反应,几乎可以得到定量的纯甲醇。近20年来用活化的氧化铜做催化剂,可在250℃,5~10MPa条件下进行反应,比上述条件更经济。
甲醇是可燃的无色液体,可与有机溶剂完全混溶。从水中分馏甲醇,纯度可以达到99%左右,要除去其中近1%的水,可加入适量的镁,甲醇和镁反应,生成甲醇镁,它和水反应生成不溶的氧化镁和甲醇,经蒸馏得无水甲醇(99.9%以上)。
即便小量的甲醇对有机体也是有毒的,甚至会造成严重的永久性损伤,例如失明。含有甲醇的酒精称为变性酒精。饮用这种酒精有致盲的危险。在酒精中加入甲醇为的是防止奸商利用便宜的工业酒精勾兑假酒。
甲醇有多种用途,主要用于制备甲醛,做溶剂及甲基化试剂;另外,也可混入汽油中或单独用做汽车或喷气式飞机的燃料。
2.乙醇
工业上大量生产乙醇是用石油裂解气(petroleum pyrolysis gas)中的乙烯做原料。一种方法是把乙烯在100℃吸收于浓硫酸中,然后水解。此法优点是乙醇产率高,但要用大量硫酸,对设备有强烈的腐蚀作用,还存在对废酸的回收利用问题。
另一种方法在烯烃酸催化下加水时,用磷酸做催化剂,在300℃和7MPa压力下,把水蒸气通人乙烯中,此法步骤简单,没有硫酸腐蚀及废酸的回收利用问题,但需用高浓度的乙烯,且在高压下操作,生产设备要求很高,且一次转化成乙醇的量很少,要反复循环,消耗能量较大。
上述两法,成本差别不是很大,由于乙烯可大量地从石油加工得到,受到各国重视。
生产乙醇的第三种方法叫做发酵法(fermentation method),这是与上述方法完全不同的,是通过微生物进行的一种生物化学方法。饮用的酒就是用这种方法生产的。中国的乙醇发酵是用干薯、马铃薯及其它含淀粉的物质做主要原料,这些原料先和黑曲霉作用进行糖化,即把淀粉转变成单糖,然后,加入培养的酵母发酵,把糖变为酒和二氧化碳。二氧化碳是副产品,产率均为95%,可将之降温,压缩装入钢瓶中,并成为固体,叫做干冰,在常压下即成为二氧化碳气体。在酵母的作用下把糖变为酒是一个很复杂的过程,对这个过程已经有了很清楚的了解,它是许多专一反应共同作用的结果,不过各专一反应都是由特殊作用的酶进行的。从酵母复合酶中已分离出12种酶。酶是一种专一而又活性极高的有机催化剂。在制酒的发酵过程中,还产生少量戊醇的两个异构体及少量丁二酸,这些产物不是来自淀粉,而是由原料中所含蛋白质的发酵产生的。
乙醇和甲醇不同,它和水形成共沸混合物,不能用蒸馏的方法把它们完全分开。因此,工业上制无水乙醇是在普通乙醇中加入一定量的苯,先通过蒸出乙醇苯一水三元共沸混合物除去水,再通过蒸出乙醇一苯二元共沸混合物除去多余的苯,剩下的为无水乙醇。
为了去掉乙醇中的少量水(如1%),也可以用金属镁处理。
乙醇为无色液体,具有特殊气味,易燃,火焰呈淡蓝色。乙醇在染料、香料、医药等工业中都很有用,实验室中常用它做试剂,是日前最重要的溶剂之一。
小量乙醇对人体的作用是先兴奋、后麻醉;大量的乙醇对人体有毒。
3.正丙醇
工业上生产正丙醇是用乙烯、一氧化碳和氢在高压及加热下,用钴为催化剂进行反应得到醛,此反应称羰基合成(oxo synthesis),醛进一步在催化剂作用下还原为醇,这是在工业上生产醛和醇的极为重要的方法。
上法也可用于生产高级醛,不过常生成两种异构体,醛可进一步还原为醇。
这种高级醇(C12 -C18)是制洗涤剂(dctcrgent) [CH3(CH2)nCH2OSO3-Na+]的一种原料。
4.乙二醇
最重要的二元醇是乙二醇,构造式为HOCH2CH2OH,或称1,2-乙二醇,俗名甘醇。乙二醇是无色具有甜味的黏稠液体,由于分子中有两个羟基,氢键缔合,其熔点与沸点比一般碳原子数相同碳氢化合物的高得多,如乙二醇熔点为-16℃,沸点197℃。在乙醚中几乎不溶,但能与水混溶。乙二醇能降低水的冰点,如40%(体积)的乙二醇水溶液,冰点-25℃,60%的乙二醇水溶液冰点为-49℃,因此可用于制取抗冻剂,如用做汽车发动机的防冻剂,使在低温下工作而不结冰。由于乙二醇的吸水性能好,还可用于染色等。乙二醇也是合成树脂(synthetic resin)、合成纤维(synihetic fibre)的重要原料,如制聚对苯二酸乙二醇酯。乙二醇的一甲醚、二甲醚,乙二醇的一乙醚、二乙醚等均是很有用的溶剂。
乙二醇的工业生产方法是由环氧乙烷加压水合或酸催化下水合制得。
加压水合要求用加压设备及高温,但后处理方便,因此用得很广泛;而酸催化水合虽然不需要压力设备,反应温度也较低,但从产品中除去硫酸是相当麻烦的。用上述二法制取乙二醇,总产率均超过90%(按环氧乙烷计),同时都有副产品一缩二乙二醇和二缩三乙二醇,前者可作为溶剂,液压制动设备的工作液体,织物的修饰和染色,后者可作为溶剂及增塑剂。
此外,相对分子质量高的聚乙二醇以及用环氧乙烷改性的许多化合物在工业上都有广泛的用途。
5.甘油
最重要的三元醇是构造式为HOCH2CHOHCH2OH的1,2,3-丙三醇,俗名甘油。甘油是无色具有甜味的黏稠性液体,分子中有三个羟基的缔合作用.沸点更高,为290℃。能与水混溶,在纺织、医药、化妆品工业及日常生活中用途很广。与浓硝酸、浓硫酸作用,形成硝酸甘油酯,俗称硝化甘油,是无烟火药中的主要成分,是在严格冷却条件下,将甘油滴入浓硝酸与浓硫酸的混合酸中反应形成的。
硝酸甘油酯为无色、有毒的油状液体,经加热或撞击立即发生强烈爆炸反应,顷刻间产生大量气体。
由于大量气体迅速膨胀,而产生极大的爆炸力。将硝酸甘油酯吸人硅藻土中,即可避免因撞击而爆炸,只有用引爆剂才能使之爆炸。硝酸甘油酯中溶入10%的硝化纤维,可形成爆炸力更强的炸药,称爆炸胶,20%~30%的硝酸甘油酯与70%~80%的硝化纤维混合物,称为硝酸甘油火药,能做枪弹的弹药。
甘油的工业生产方法是用丙烯在高温下氯化,得3-氯丙烯,然后与次氯酸反应,得1,3二氯-2-丙醇及2,3-二氯-1-丙醇的混合物,在碱性条件下,经环化得3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷,再水解得甘油。 卤代烃和稀氢氧化钠水溶液进行亲核取代反应,可以得到相应的醇。
卤代烃在NaOH碱性溶液中易发生消除反应,为避免发生消除反应,可用氢氧化银代替氢氧化钠。 醛、酮经催化氢化,或在氢化铝锂、硼氢化钠、乙硼烷、异丙醇铝和活泼金属等还原剂的作用下可生成醇。羧酸衍生物经催化氢化或用氢化铝锂、硼氢化钠、乙硼烷、活泼金属等还原剂还原也能生成醇。向左转|向右转
(二)连接回流冷凝管时,冷凝管连接水不会对浸出物造成影响吗?
请求大神指点,不胜感激!
求助战友们:
有做过中药醇提取,但是在收醇的时候,当浓缩至醇浓度约20%的时候,有析出现象,析出的还是我的有效成分,怎么才能解决这个问题呢?如果在未析出时停止浓缩,药液太稀,无法干燥呢?
问题1:我该如何浓缩定参数?
问题2:如果在未析出时放液,由于药液太稀,我该如何选择干燥方式?
求助站里的大侠们,谢谢!
用蛋黄卵磷脂制备的“脂质体”粒径50-60nm,而文献中一般都是100多纳米,现在担心形成的不是脂质体,而是胶束,两者有什么方法可以鉴别吗?
各位老师好,有做环黄芪醇的吗?其对心血管效果怎么样?使用剂量范围是不是很窄,我看文献,有报道,黄芪提取物对血管的作有是双向的,会不会在低剂量时对身体是有害的
我想提取中药中的有效成分,好像目前醇提取的比较多,中药有比如黄柏,桑白皮这些。有谁知道醇提取步骤吗?能不能帮帮忙,万分感激
补充:
一般使用浓硫酸作催化剂,使醇类脱去羟基生成含双键的有机物。应注意的是醇发生消去反应时的温度控制,温度较低(140℃)时会生成副产物醚类,温度达到一定范围(170℃)时才会发生消去反应。消去反应的本质是羟基与β位上的一个H原子共同脱去生成H2O的反应,因而能发生消去反应的醇类必须要有β-H原子。
如果羟基相连接的碳的邻位碳有多个,且都有氢原子,则消去有氢原子较少的邻位碳上的氢原子。 示例:
乙醇发生消去反应的方程式
CH3CH2OH→CH2=CH2+H2O (条件为浓硫酸 170摄氏度)
在本例中,溴处在间位,因此不参与反应。
而氯恰好处于对位,因而能发生反应,被甲氧基取代。
因此产物是4-硝基-2-溴苯甲醚。
各位亲,本人用70%乙醇回流提了中药大概70L,准备旋蒸浓缩但一直没浓缩,室温放了5天,之后要做药理试验的,会不会影响药效?需要重提吗?感谢感谢
小弟有一中药处方,需要水煮醇沉处理,问下具体该怎么做,给我方子的老师去世了
告诉我中药先水煮,在用水煮醇沉法外敷治疗
给电话我直接问液可以
甲磺酸与低级醇形成的甲磺酸烷基酯,具有潜在基因毒性。那么,几个碳的低级醇形成的甲磺酸烷基酯按照基因毒性杂质控制?(C<5?)上述结构化合物是否也需按照基因毒性杂质进行研究?
若是,按照此类杂质总和小于TTC(1.5ug/天)来控制,是否合适?
PS:一起始原料中引入此中间体,采用甲磺酰氯与对应醇反应所得,合成路线其他步骤也同时用到甲醇,会引入甲磺酸甲酯。
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