Overview: Product Name GRP78 Antibody DescriptionMouse Anti-Human GRP78 Monoclonal IgG1 Species Reactivity Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat, African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), Bovine, Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), Fungi, Hamster, Rabbit Applications WB, ICC/IF, ELISA Antibody Dilution WB (1:2000), ICC/IF (1:100); optimal dilutions for assays should be determined by the user. Host Species Mouse Immunogen Species Human Immunogen His-tagged human GRP78 Concentration 1 mg/ml Conjugates Alkaline Phosphatase, APC, ATTO 390, ATTO 488, ATTO 565, ATTO 594, ATTO 633, ATTO 655, ATTO 680, ATTO 700, Biotin, FITC, HRP, PE/ATTO 594, PerCP, RPE, Streptavidin, Unconjugated PerCP Overview:Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein ComplexSmall phycobiliproteinIsolated from red algaeLarge stokes shift (195 nm)Molecular Weight: 35 kDaPerCP Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 482 nmλem = 677 nmεmax = 1.96 x 106Laser = 488 nm  PE/ATTO 594PE/ATTO 594 is a tandem conjugate, where PE is excited at 535 nm and transfers energy to ATTO 594 via FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), which emits at 627 nm.Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh photostabilityVery hydrophilicExcellent solubility in waterVery little aggregationPE/ATTO 594 DatasheetOptical Properties:λex = 535 nmλem = 627 nmLaser = 488 to 561 nm   FITC (Fluorescein)Overview:Excellent fluorescence quantum yieldHigh rate of photobleachingGood solubility in waterBroad emission spectrumpH dependent spectraMolecular formula: C20H12O5Molar mass: 332.3 g/molFITC-Fluorescent-conjugateOptical Properties:λex = 494 nmλem = 520 nmεmax = 7.3×104Φf = 0.92τfl = 5.0 nsBrightness = 67.2Laser = 488 nmFilter set = FITC  ATTO 700Overview:High fluorescence yieldExcellent thermal and photostabilityQuenched by electron donorsVery hydrophilicGood solubility in polar solventsZwitterionic dyeMolar Mass: 575 g/molATTO 700 Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 700 nmλem = 719 nmεmax = 1.25×105Φf = 0.25τfl = 1.6 nsBrightness = 31.3Laser = 676 nmFilter set = Cy®5.5  ATTO 680Overview:High fluorescence yieldExcellent thermal and photostabilityQuenched by electron donorsVery hydrophilicGood solubility in polar solventsZwitterionic dyeMolar Mass: 631 g/molATTO 680 Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 680 nmλem = 700 nmεmax = 1.25×105Φf = 0.30τfl = 1.7 nsBrightness = 37.5Laser = 633 – 676 nmFilter set = Cy®5.5  ATTO 655Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh thermal and photostabilityExcellent ozone resistanceQuenched by electron donorsVery hydrophilicGood solubility in polar solventsZwitterionic dyeMolar Mass: 634 g/molATTO 655 DatasheetOptical Properties:λex = 663 nmλem = 684 nmεmax = 1.25×105Φf = 0.30τfl = 1.8 nsBrightness = 37.5Laser = 633 – 647 nmFilter set = Cy®5  ATTO 633Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh thermal and photostabilityModerately hydrophilicGood solubility in polar solventsStable at pH 4 – 11Cationic dye, perchlorate saltMolar Mass: 652.2 g/molATTO 633 DatasheetOptical Properties:λex = 629 nmλem = 657 nmεmax = 1.3×105Φf = 0.64τfl = 3.2 nsBrightness = 83.2Laser = 633 nmFilter set = Cy®5  ATTO 594Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh photostabilityVery hydrophilicExcellent solubility in waterVery little aggregationNew dye with net charge of -1Molar Mass: 1137 g/molATTO 594 Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 601 nmλem = 627 nmεmax = 1.2×105Φf = 0.85τfl = 3.5 nsBrightness = 102Laser = 594 nmFilter set = Texas Red®  ATTO 565Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh thermal and photostabilityGood solubility in polar solventsExcellent solubility in waterVery little aggregationRhodamine dye derivativeMolar Mass: 611 g/molATTO 565 Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 563 nmλem = 592 nmεmax = 1.2×105Φf = 0.9τfl = 3.4 nBrightness = 10Laser = 532 nmFilter set = TRITC   ATTO 488Overview:High fluorescence yieldHigh photostabilityVery hydrophilicExcellent solubility in waterVery little aggregationNew dye with net charge of -1Molar Mass: 804 g/mol ATTO 488 Datasheet  Optical Properties:λex = 501 nmλem = 523 nmεmax = 9.0×104Φf = 0.80τfl = 4.1 nsBrightness = 72Laser = 488 nmFilter set = FITC   ATTO 390Overview:High fluorescence yieldLarge Stokes-shift (89 nm)Good photostabilityModerately hydrophilicGood solubility in polar solventsCoumarin derivate, unchargedLow molar mass: 343.42 g/mol ATTO 390 DatasheetOptical Properties:λex = 390 nmλem = 479 nmεmax = 2.4×104Φf = 0.90τfl = 5.0 nsBrightness = 21.6Laser = 365 or 405 nm APC (Allophycocyanin)Overview:High quantum yieldLarge phycobiliprotein6 chromophores per moleculeIsolated from red algaeMolecular Weight: 105 kDaAPC Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 650 nmλem = 660 nmεmax = 7.0×105Φf = 0.68Brightness = 476Laser = 594 or 633 nmFilter set = Cy®5 StreptavidinProperties:Homo-tetrameric protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii which binds four biotin molecules with extremely high affinityMolecular weight: 53 kDaFormula: C10H16N2O3SApplications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISAStreptavidin DatasheetBiotinProperties:Binds tetrameric avidin proteins including Streptavidin and neuravidin with very high affinityMolar mass: 244.31 g/molFormula: C10H16N2O3SApplications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISABiotin DatasheetHRP (Horseradish peroxidase)Properties:Enzymatic activity is used to amplify weak signals and increase visibility of a targetReadily combines with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form HRP-H2O2 complex which can oxidize various hydrogen donorsCatalyzes the conversion of:Chromogenic substrates (e.g. TMB, DAB, ABTS) into coloured productsChemiluminescent substrates (e.g. luminol and isoluminol) into light emitting products via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. tyramine, homovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) into fluorescent productsHigh turnover rate enables rapid generation of a strong signal44 kDa glycoproteinExtinction coefficient: 100 (403 nm)Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISAHRP DatasheetAP (Alkaline Phosphatase)Properties:Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenolsCommonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligationCatalyzes the conversion of:Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured productsFluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent productsMolecular weight: 140 kDaApplications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISAAP Datasheet  R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)Overview:Broad excitation spectrumHigh quantum yieldPhotostableMember of the phycobiliprotein familyIsolated from red algaeExcellent solubility in waterMolecular Weight: 250 kDaR-PE Datasheet Optical Properties:λex = 565 nmλem = 575 nmεmax = 2.0×106 Φf = 0.84Brightness = 1.68 x 103Laser = 488 to 561 nmFilter set = TRITC  Properties Storage Buffer PBS pH7.4, 50% glycerol, 0.09% sodium azide Storage Temperature -20ºC Shipping Temperature Blue Ice or 4ºC Purification Protein G Purified Clonality Monoclonal Clone Number 6H4-2G7 Isotype IgG1 Specificity Detects ~78kDa. Cite This Product StressMarq Biosciences Cat# SMC-196, RRID: AB_10963459 Certificate of Analysis 0.5 µg/ml of SMC-196 was sufficient for detection of Grp78 in 10 µg of HeLa cell lysate by ECL immunoblot analysis. Biological Description Alternative Names 78 kDa glucose regulated protein Antibody, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein Antibody, AL022860 Antibody, AU019543 Antibody, BIP Antibody, D2Wsu141e Antibody, D2Wsu17e Antibody, Endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca(2+)-binding protein grp78 Antibody, Endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Antibody, Ca2+ binding protein grp78 Antibody, FLJ26106 Antibody, Glucose Regulated Protein 78kDa Antibody, GRP 78 Antibody, GRP-78 Antibody, GRP78_HUMAN Antibody, Heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 Antibody, Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 5 Antibody, HSCe70 Antibody, HSPA 5 Antibody, HSPA5 Antibody, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Binding Protein Antibody, Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein Antibody, mBiP Antibody, MIF2 Antibody, Sez7 Antibody Research Areas Cancer, Heat Shock, Cell Signaling, Chaperone Proteins, Chaperones, Organelle Markers, Protein Trafficking, Trafficking Cellular Localization Endoplasmic Reticulum, Endoplasmic reticulum lumen, Melanosome Accession Number NP_001156906.1 Gene ID 14828 Swiss Prot P20029 Scientific Background GRP78 is a ubiquitously expressed, 78-kDa glucose- regulated protein, and is commonly referred to as an immunoglobin chain binding protein (BiP). The BiP proteins are categorized as stress response proteins because they play an important role in the proper folding and assembly of nascent protein and in the scavenging of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Translation of BiP is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5' non-translated region of the BiP mRNA. BiP IRES activity increases when cells are heat stressed (1). GRP78 is also critical for maintenance of cell homeostasis and the prevention of apoptosis (2). Lou et al. have provided findings that suggest GRP78 is essential for embryonic cell growth and pluripotent cell survival (3). In terms of diseases, GRP78 has been shown to be a reliable biomarker of hypoglycemia, to serve a neuroprotective function in neurons exposed to glutamate and oxidative stress (4), and its protein levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients (5). Also, the induction of the GRP78 protein that results in severe glucose and oxygen deprivation could possible lead to drug resistance to anti-tumor drugs (6, 7). References 1. Cho S., et al. (2007) Mol Cell Biol. 27(1): 368-83. 2. Yang Y., et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273: 25552-25555. 3. Luo S., et al (2006) 26 (15): 5688-97. 4. Yu Z., et al. (1999) Exp Neurol. 15: 302-314. 5. Koomagi R., et al. (1999) Anticancer Res. 19:4333-4336. 6. Laquerre S., et al. (1998) J. Virology 72: 4940-4949. 7. Dong D., et al. (2005) Cancer Res 65(13): 5785-91. Product Images Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Mouse Anti-GRP78 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 6H4-2G7 (SMC-196). Tissue: Cervical Cancer cell line (HeLa). Species: Human. Fixation: 4% Formaldehyde for 15 min at RT. Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-GRP78 Monoclonal Antibody (SMC-196) at 1:100 for 60 min at RT. Secondary Antibody: Goat Anti-Mouse ATTO 488 at 1:100 for 60 min at RT. Counterstain: DAPI (blue) nuclear stain at 1:5000 for 5 min RT. Localization: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen. Magnification: 60X. Western Blot analysis of Human recombinant cell lysate showing detection of GRP78 protein using Mouse Anti-GRP78 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 6H4.2G7 (SMC-196). Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-GRP78 Monoclonal Antibody (SMC-196) at 1:1000. Product Citations (0) Currently there are no citations for this product.AP (Alkaline Phosphatase)Properties:Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenolsCommonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligationCatalyzes the conversion of:Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured productsFluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent productsMolecular weight: 140 kDaApplications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISAAP Datasheet