CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
- Product No.CCC918Ra
- Organism SpeciesRattus norvegicus (Rat) Same name, Different species.
- All
- Human
- Mouse
- Rat
- Cavia
- Rabbit
- Simian
- Caprine
- Ovine
- Equine
- Bovine
- Porcine
- Gallus
- Canine
- Others
- Multi-species
- Pan-species
- Test MethodCompetitive Inhibition
- Assay Length2h
- Detection Range1.17-300pg/mL
- SensitivityThe minimum detectable dose of this kit is typically less than 0.43pg/mL.
- Sample TypeSerum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
- DownloadInstruction Manual
- UOM48T96T96T*596T*1096T*100
- FOBUS$ 638 For more details, please contact local distributors!US$ 912 For more details, please contact local distributors!US$ 4104 For more details, please contact local distributors!US$ 7752 For more details, please contact local distributors!US$ 63840 For more details, please contact local distributors!
Packages (Simulation)- Packages (Simulation)
- Results demonstration
- Typical Standard Curve
- ISO9001: 2008, ISO13485: 2003 Registered
Specificity of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21).No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) and analogues was observed.
Recovery of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in samples.
| Matrix | Recovery range (%) | Average(%) |
| serum(n=5) | 99-105 | 102 |
| EDTA plasma(n=5) | 95-104 | 101 |
| heparin plasma(n=5) | 91-98 | 94 |
Precision of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. CV(%) = SD/meanX100 Intra-Assay: CV<10%>Inter-Assay: CV<12%>
Linearity of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.
| Sample | 1:2 | 1:4 | 1:8 | 1:16 |
| serum(n=5) | 94-102% | 79-94% | 78-95% | 80-88% |
| EDTA plasma(n=5) | 89-101% | 80-102% | 78-104% | 79-99% |
| heparin plasma(n=5) | 97-105% | 98-105% | 79-89% | 83-105% |
Stability of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
The stability of kit is determined by the loss rate of activity. The loss rate of this kit is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage condition. To minimize extra influence on the performance, operation procedures and lab conditions, especially room temperature, air humidity, incubator temperature should be strictly controlled. It is also strongly suggested that the whole assay is performed by the same operator from the beginning to the end.
Assay procedure summary of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
1. Prepare all reagents, samples and standards;2. Add 50µL standard or sample to each well.And then add 50µL prepared Detection Reagent A immediately. Shake and mix. Incubate 1 hour at 37°C;3. Aspirate and wash 3 times;4. Add 100µL prepared Detection Reagent B. Incubate 30 minutes at 37°C;5. Aspirate and wash 5 times;6. Add 100µL Substrate Solution. Incubate 10 minutes at 37°C;7. Read RLU value immediately.
Test principle of the CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
The microplate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with a monoclonal antibody specific to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21). A competitive inhibition reaction is launched between biotin labeled Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) and unlabeled Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) (Standards or samples) with the pre-coated antibody specific to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21). After incubation the unbound conjugate is washed off. Next, avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. The amount of bound HRP conjugate is reverse proportional to the concentration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in the sample. Then the mixture of substrate A and B is added to generate glow light emission kinetics. Upon plate development, the intensity of the emitted light is reverse proportional to the Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) level in the sample or standard.
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Related products
| Catalog No. | Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | Applications (RESEARCH USE ONLY!) |
| APC918Ra01 | Active Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Cell culture; Activity Assays. |
| RPC918Ra02 | Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| EPC918Ra61 | Eukaryotic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| RPC918Ra01 | Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB. |
| PAC918Ra02 | Polyclonal Antibody to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| PAC918Ra01 | Polyclonal Antibody to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| MAC918Ra21 | Monoclonal Antibody to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | WB; IHC; ICC; IP. |
| SEC918Ra | ELISA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection. |
| CEC918Ra | ELISA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection. |
| WEC918Ra | Wide-range ELISA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Antigen Detection. |
| CCC918Ra | CLIA Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | Chemiluminescent immunoassay for Antigen Detection. |
| PGC918Ra01 | Primer Pair for Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) | PCR |
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Nutrients.2017May10;9(5).
ClinicalSignificanceandPrognosticEffectofSerum25-hydroxyvitaminDConcentrationsinCriticalandSevereHand,FootandMouthDisease.
手足口病危重儿血清25-羟维生素D浓度的临床意义与预后影响
作者党红星，刘成军，李静，程时骄，许峰
摘要
Abstract
目的：探讨血清25羟维生素D[25（OH)D]浓度与手足口病危重症的关系及评估手足口病危重儿血清25-羟维生素D浓度的临床意义与预后影响。
OBJECTIVE:
Toexaminetheassociationofserum25-hydroxyvitaminD[25(OH)D]concentrationswithcriticalandseverehand,footandmouthdisease(HFMD)andassesstheclinicalsignificanceandprognosticeffectof25(OH)DconcentrationsinchildrenwithHFMD.
方法：本研究为前瞻性观察研究。
METHODS:
ThisisaProspectiveobservationalstudy.
将138例手足口病患儿分为普通组（49例）、重症组（52例）和危重组（37例）。另选取同期门诊体检的59例健康儿童作为对照组。
The138childrenwithHFMDweredividedintocommon(49cases),severe(52cases),andcritical(37cases)HFMDgroups.Another59healthychildrenundergoingoutpatientmedicalexaminationsduringthesameperiodwerechosenasthecontrolgroup.
测定所有对象的血清25（OH）D浓度，每组再分为血清25（OH）D正常组（≥30ng/mL）；不足组（20-29.9ng/mL）；缺乏组（低于20ng/mL）。
Serum25(OH)Dconcentrationsweremeasuredinallthesubjects,andeachgroupwassuBDividedbyserum25(OH)Dconcentrationinto25(OH)Dnormal(≥30ng/mL);insufficiency(20-29.9ng/mL),anddeficiency(<20ng/mL)groups.
手足口病危急重症组在入住儿科ICU（PICU）时记录小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）。
Thepediatriccriticalillnessscore(PCIS)wasrecordedforthecriticalandsevereHFMDgroupuponadmissiontothepediatricintensivecareunit(PICU).
监测小儿危重手足口病患者血乳酸（LAC）、血清钙离子（Ca2+）、D-二聚体（DD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平；脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭的发生情况；14天病死率。
ChildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMDwerealsomonitoredforbloodlactate(LAC),serumcalciumions(Ca++),D-dimer(DD),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),andcreatinekinase-MB(CK-MB)levels;theincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,andcirculatoryfailure;andthe14-daymortalityrate.
结果：
RESULTS：
各组血清25（OH）D浓度普遍较低。
Serum25(OH)Dconcentrationsweregenerallylowinallgroups.
与对照组（28.1±6.6ng/mL,8%）、普通组（29.5±8.1ng/mL,10%）和重症组（31.9±9.7ng/mL,8%）相比，危重组患者血清25（OH）D平均浓度（20.0±8.4ng/mL）明显较低，血清25（OH）D缺乏比例（18％）明显较高(P＜0.05）。
ThecriticalHFMDgroupshowedasignificantlylowerserum25(OH)Dmeanconcentration(20.0±8.4ng/mL)andahigherproportionofdeficiency(18%)comparedwiththecontrolgroup(28.1±6.6ng/mL,8%),common(29.5±8.1ng/mL,10%)andsevere(31.9±9.7ng/mL,8%)HFMDgroups(p<0.05).
在危重组中，25（OH）D缺乏组比25（OH）D正常组及不足组具有更低的PCIS值（P＜0.05）；而比后两组具有更高LAC、LDH、CK-MB和DD；具有（更高的）脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭发生率及病死率（P＜0.05）。
InthecriticalandsevereHFMDgroups,the25(OH)DdeficiencygrouphadlowerPCISsthanthe25(OH)Dnormalandinsufficiencygroups(p<0.05);andhadhighervaluesthanthelattertwogroupsforLAC,LDH,CK-MBandDD;andtheincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,circulatoryfailure,andmortality(p<0.05).
死亡组较存活组具有显著降低的血清25（OH）D浓度和PCIS（P＜0.05），具有较高的LAC、LDH、CK-MB和DD水平；较高的脑干脑炎、神经源性肺水肿、循环衰竭发病率（P＜0.05）。
Thedeathgroupshowedsignificantlylowerserum25(OH)DconcentrationsandPCISsthanthesurvivalgroup(p<0.05)andhadhigherLAC,LDH,CK-MBandDDlevelsandhigherincidencesofbrainstemencephalitis,neurogenicpulmonaryedema,andcirculatoryfailure(p<0.05).
Logistic回归分析显示，血清25（OH）D浓度是影响重症手足口病患儿病死率的独立因素。
Logisticregressionanalysisrevealedthattheserum25(OH)DconcentrationwasanindependentfactorthatinfluencedmortalityinchildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMD.
CONCLUSIONS:
结论：
在这项研究中，我们发现，血清25（OH）D浓度在手足口病危重患儿中大幅降低，并与手足口病的严重程度相关。
Inthisstudy,wefindtheserum25(OH)DconcentrationsaresubstantiallyreducedinchildrenwithcriticalandsevereHFMDandareassociatedwiththeseverityofHFMD.
血清25（OH）D浓度对判断重症手足口病进展和预测死亡风险具有临床价值。
Theserum25(OH)DconcentrationsmayhaveclinicalvaluefordeterminingtheprogressionofcriticalHFMDandpredictingtheriskofdeath.
在确定25（OH）D浓度在手足口病诊断的临床价值之前，仍需进一步的证据。
Furtherevidenceisneededbeforeitcanbestatedthat25(OH)DconcentrationshaveclinicalvalueinHMFDdiagnosis.
关键词：
KEYWORDS:
25-hydroxyvitaminD;criticalillness;footandmouthdisease;hand
25羟维生素D；危重病；手足口病
碳酸氢钠溶液是一种co2缓冲液,当瓶内二氧化碳量减少时,碳酸氢钠溶液释放co2,反之吸收co2.因此它能保持瓶内二氧化碳量大致不变.
求助日本《医药品添加物事典》关于羟苯丙酯钠在口服溶液剂中最大用量
本人科研小白，研究新生！
课题准备检测血清中骨桥蛋白（OPN）含量
现在计划是先将所有血标本离心取血清先冻存，待所有标本收集齐后再统一做
大概要收集2个月，约70个病例。
现在我的问题就是：1、离心后的血清，如何分装、冻存？（具体条件、流程、用什么管子冻存，是否需要买冻存液等）
2、冻存后如何复苏？（最好有具体流程，具体复苏条件，是否需要买什么复苏液、培养基什么的）
刚来读书，一下子拿到这个题目有点懵，网上搜了一些，比较杂，比较乱，没有底，想请教各位哥哥姐姐给我提供点帮助，先谢谢了！
在生活中，不少人认为抗生素是退烧药而随便使用，这是一种误区。其实不是所有的发热都是由细菌感染引起的，常见的伤风感冒通常由病毒所致，也发热，用抗生素毫无用处。而服用一般解热镇痛药大多可以奏效。患了病毒性感冒后，应到医院诊疗，只要加强护理，适当休息，多喝开水，给予易消化的饮食，通常会很快恢复健康。
俗话说，“是药三分毒”。滥用抗生素危害就更大了。首先，它会诱发细菌耐药。病原微生物为逃避药物，在不断地变异，耐药菌株也随之产生。目前，几乎没有一种抗菌药不存在耐药现象；其次，它会损害人体器官。抗菌药在杀菌的同时，也会造成人体损害，如影响肝、肾脏功能、胃肠道反应及引起再生障碍性贫血等；再次，它还会导致二重感染。在正常情况下，人体的口腔、呼吸道、肠道都有细菌寄生，寄殖菌群在互相拮抗下维持着平衡状态。如果长期使用抗菌药，敏感菌会被杀灭，而不敏感菌乘机繁殖，未被抑制的细菌、真菌及外来菌也可乘虚而入，诱发又一次感染。
是否使用抗生素治疗，首先应去医院做个血常规化验，查一下白细胞情况，搞清感冒的性质。如果是病毒性感冒，使用抗生素毫无用处，应使用抗病毒药物；如果感冒症状是由细菌感染造成的，则需使用抗生素。病人可根据感冒的症状进行自我初步判断：体温不高，痰是白色的，鼻水是清的，一般可初步判断为病毒性感冒；痰是黄色的，则可能是细菌感染。
小孩感冒应先到医院做血常规检查，确诊是病毒感冒还是细菌感染。如病毒感冒不需用抗生素治疗，如果是细菌感染，应在医生指导下选择适合儿童用的相对安全的抗生素治疗，如：青霉素类、头孢类抗生素。需要特别提醒的是，氨基糖苷类抗生素一定要慎用，因为它有耳毒性，有造成儿童耳聋的风险。
阅读抗生素的药物说明书时应重点关注适应证、用法、用量等细节。小儿用药剂量和大人不同，而有的家长不按说明服药，拿成人用的药量给孩子服用，以为只要对症就能治病。殊不知，有些抗生素对骨骼发育会产生抑制作用，成人可用，但孩子万万吃不得。需要特别提醒的是，儿童颗粒剂抗生素要用温开水调服，因为抗生素的稳定性不高，水温太热会影响药效。同时要避免用牛奶、饮料等服药。另外，患者在服用头孢类抗生素期间及治疗结束后72小时内（三天）应避免摄入含酒精的饮料，否则会引起戒酒硫样反应，人会有醉酒的感觉。还要避免吃奶酪，因为奶酪中有酪氨酸，会与药物发生反应。
做ELISA实验，在处理样本前应该先了解收集样本的注意事项。
【标本收集注意事项】
1.收集血液的试管应为一次性的无热原，无内毒素试管。
2.血清和血浆避免使用溶血，高血脂标本。
3.标本应清澈透明，悬浮物应离心去除。
4.标本收集后若不及时检测，需按一次使用量分装，冻存于-20℃，-80℃电冰箱内，避免反复冻融。
5.可根据标本的实际情况，做适当倍数稀释(建议做预实验，以确定稀释倍数) 。
6.收集标本，尽量做到双份的用量，避免一次实验失败，重复实验时标本缺失，从而耽误实验进程。
7.收集标本时，应该做好防护措施（比如戴手套，口罩，护目镜等），认为所有标本都具有一定的潜在危险性。
8.样本处理应该在生物安全柜里面，并且正确使用生物安全柜。
样本正确的处理方法应该是这样的：
【标本处理办法】
1.血清：将采集的全血静置冰箱4℃过夜，然后1000-3000rpm离心10分钟，取上清立即测试，暂时不测可以放入-20℃（1-3个月）或-80℃（3-6个月）保存。
2.血浆：用EDTA，枸橼酸钠，肝素等作为抗凝剂，加入血液混匀后，1000-3000rpm离
心10分钟，取上清立即测试，暂时不测可以放入-20℃（1-3个月）或-80℃（3-6个月）
保存。
3.组织匀浆：切取组织块，0.01MPBS中过洗一次；按照1G组织加入5-10ml组织蛋白萃取试剂的比例，在冰水中匀浆。匀浆完成后，5000-10000rpm离心10分钟，取上清立即测试，暂时不测可以放入-20℃（1-3个月）或-80℃（3-6个月）保存。
4.细胞培养上清：1000-3000rpm离心10分钟，取上清立即测试，暂时不测可以放入-20℃（1-3个月）或-80℃（3-6个月）保存。
5.尿液，腹水，脑脊液等：1000-3000rpm离心10分钟，取上清立即测试，暂时不测可以放入-20℃（1-3个月）或-80℃3-6个月）保存。
注：样品稀释的一般原则
用户须查阅相关文献了解标本内待测因子的含量，决定适当的稀释倍数，以使稀释后样品中待测因子的浓度处于ELISA试剂盒的最佳检测范围。样品的稀释应有详细记录。
希望可以给您提供帮助，祝您科研顺利！
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