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SMOBIO/[QP2310] Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gel (Mini, 12 wells, 12%), 10 gels/Mini, 12 wells, 12%), 10 gels
品牌 / 
SMOBIO
货号 / 
QP2310
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4000-520-616

 

Description 

Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gel is a high-performance and easy to use precast polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis in Bis-Tris buffer system (MOPS or MES). The optimized gel formula allows Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gel to show improved resolution, accurate results, and an extended shelf-life over conventional Tris-Glycine gels. 

Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gels are available in gradient (4 to 12%) and fixed (8% and 12%) concentrations of polyacrylamide in 12-and 15-well formats. Two available cassette sizes, Mini (10 x 8.3 cm) and Midi (10 x 10 cm), are compatible with most popular protein electrophoresis systems. Q-PAGE™ Mini (QP2XXX) Gels are suitable for Bio-Rad® and other systems. Q-PAGE™ Midi (QP3XXX) Gels are suitable for Invitrogen® XCell SureLock® Mini-Cell, Invitrogen® Mini Gel Tank, Hoefer SE260, and other systems. 

Key Features

  • User-friendly gel cassette:

    • Numbered and framed wells for sample loading

    • Labeled warning sign and green tape as reminder

  • Enhanced gel performance: 

    • Enhanced band sharpness

    • Better resolution of small proteins 

    • Stable for shipping at ambient temperature

  • Easy compatibility: 

    • Available as homogeneous and adjusted gradient gels for a wide range of protein separation.

    • Compatible with most popular protein electrophoresis systems 

Storage and stability

Store Q-PAGE™ Precast Gels at 4°C for periods up to 12 months.

Do not freeze Q-PAGE™ Precast Gels. Remove tape and comb before electrophoresis. 

  

Technical

Clear and sharp bands, high resolution

Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gel shows high resolution of protein separation.

 

QP2310 Specifications

Gel

Bis-Tris

Buffer systems

MOPS and MES

Features

Clear and sharp bands,

high resolution

Cassette size

Mini Gel

(10 X 8.3 cm)

Gel dimensions 

 

8.1 x 7.4 x 0.1 cm

(W x L x thickness) cm

Electrophoresis system

Bio-Rad systems

Well format &

Capacity

12 wells,

25 μl/well

Gel percentage

12 %

Accessory tray

Production description

Tip card

Gel remover

Cassette opener

 

  

Manual

Manual_Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gel, Mini

SDS

SDS_Q-PAGE™ Precast Gel

Migration pattern

 
 

Setting Up and Running Q-PAGE™ Mini Precast Gel

 

 
 

Removing Q-PAGE Mini Gel from cassette

 
 

Setting up gel/membrane sandwich for Western transfer

 

 

Recommendations/Tips for Gel Running

1. Remove comb and tape before adaption. 2. Use fresh 1X running buffer for the inner cathode chamber. 3. Do not use Tris-Glycine running buffer for Q-PAGE™ Bis-Tris Precast Gels. 4. Rinse the wells before sample loading. 

Sample Preparation for SDS-PAGE

1.      Mix protein sample with 2X sample buffer. 

2.      Heat the diluted samples at 95°C for 5 min or at 70°C for 10 min.

3.      Cool the diluted samples to 4°C and spin down the water condensed on tube surface. (If there is high viscosity part at bottom of tube, transfer supernatant to a new tube.)

 

Prepare Q-PAGE™ for Sample Loading

1.Open the blister tray of Q-PAGE™ Precast Gel.

2.Briefly rinse the gel cassette with ddH2O.

3.Remove tape and comb; avoid squeezing the gel.

4.Adapt Q-PAGE™ to electrophoresis system; instruction are provided below. (BioRad Mini-PROTEAN® Core Electrophoresis System is recommended.) 

5.Use a pipette to gently wash the wells with running buffer to remove residual storage buffer. 

6.Fill the wells with running buffer prior to sample loading. 

7.Load samples and pre-stained protein marker into numbered wells.

8.Fill both inner and outer chambers with running buffer to the highest level. Ensure gel wells are completely covered. 

 Power Setting for Running Q-PAGE™

Optimize the voltage and running time if needed.

 

130 V

180 V

230 V*2

Running Time*1

45-60 mins

25-40 mins

15-30 mins

Expected Current

Initial (per gel)

Final (per gel)

 

60-70 mA

20-25 mA

 

100-110 mA

40-50 mA

 

130-140 mA

60-70 mA

Expected temperature

25-30°C

25-35 °C

35-45°C

*1 Set voltage higher than 100 V is recommended.

*2 For higher voltage conditions, please use fresh running buffer for inner and outer chambers.

*3 Running time varies depending on gel percentage, running buffer, temperature, and power supply

Remove Q-PAGE™ Gel from Cassette

Open cassette immediately after electrophoresis. Avoid gel drying.

1.Insert the cassette opener into corners of cassette. 

2.Sequentially pry the opener to separate the two plates. 

3.Gently pull two plates apart from the top of cassette.

4.Carefully detach the gel either from the bottom of gel or the top side of the cassette.

-Avoid diagonally peeling the gel from the corner.

       -Use water to help gel detachment if it needed

5.Gently remove the gel for further staining or Western blotting. 

 

Gel Staining  Proteins separated using Q-PAGE™ Precast Gels can be further stained with most popular staining reagents, such as Coomassie dyes (R-250 or G-250), Silver-stain solution, and FluoroStain™ Protein Fluorescent Staining Dye. (Cat. No. PS1000)  
Transferring Protein from Q-PAGE™ to Blotting Membrane 1. After protein separation using Q-PAGE™, gently detach QPAGE™ from cassette and then equilibrate the gel in transfer buffer. 2. Pre-soak blotting membrane and filter papers in transfer buffer.          3. Assemble transfer sandwich by orientating cathode, sponge, filter papers, gel, membrane, filter papers, sponge, and anode. The protein goes to the direction of cathode to anode. 4. Carefully move roller over the gel/membrane to remove air bubbles and excess buffer until complete contact is established. 5. Insert transfer cassette into transfer module. Notice that black side of cassette should be next to black side of module. 6. Fill transfer tank with pre-cooled transfer buffer to the highest water level. 7. Set constant voltage at 100 V. Transfer for 90 minutes at low temperature condition. Pre-stained protein marker should be visible on the membrane after transfer is completed.     Transfer of proteins to the membrane can be checked using Ponceau S staining before blocking step. 
Supplemental Information for Using Q-PAGE™ Precast Gel  
Adapting Q-PAGE™ Mini Precast Gel to BioRad Mini-PROTEAN® Core 1. After removing comb and tape, place the Q-PAGE™ Mini Precast Gel with notched plate facing toward inner chamber.  2. Align the notched plate to ensure the edge sits just below the notch at the top of green gasket.  3. Gently press gel cassette toward green gasket and then lock gel cassette with two green arms. Avoid squeezing the cassette and gel. 
4. Fill inner chamber with running buffer to check tightness of seal. If necessary, reassemble and check the seal again. 5. Fill inner chamber with running buffer to ensure gel wells are completely covered. 6. Fill outer chamber with running buffer to the highest level. 
Adapting Q-PAGE™ Mini Precast Gels to other electrophoresis system, please follow the manufacturer’s instruction. 
Buffer recipes 
2X sample buffer with reducing agent  62.5 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 25% (v/v) glycerol, 0.01% bromophenol blue, 5% β-mercaptoethanol or 100 mM DTT (added fresh) 
10X MOPS running buffer 60.6 g Tris base, 104.6 g MOPS, 10.0 g SDS, 3.0 g EDTA.  Bring up the volume to 1 L with ddH2O. 
10X MES running buffer 60.6 g Tris base, 97.6 g MES, 10.0 g SDS, 3.0 g EDTA.  Bring up the volume to 1 L with ddH2O. 
1X running buffer Dilute 100 ml 10X running buffer with 900 ml ddH2O. 
10X transfer buffer 30.0 g Tris base, 144.0 g Glycine. Bring up the volume to 1 L with ddH2O. 
1X transfer buffer *Cool 1X transfer buffer to 4°C before using. Dilute 100 ml 10X transfer buffer with 200 ml methanol and 700 ml ddH2O. **Add SDS to 0.1% to promote transfer of high molecular weight proteins.  

 

Troubleshooting Guidelines

Problem

Possible Cause

Suggested Solution

Well deformation

Pull one side of comb out of cassette.

Smoothly pull the comb straight out of the cassette.

Bubbles between gel and cassette

Gel has been frozen or stored at wrong temperature.

Store Q-PAGE Precast Gels at 4°C.

Buffer leaking from the inner chamber

Untight assembly of gels to the electrode modules

Reassemble Q-PAGE gels into the electrodemodules.

Fill outer chamber with 1X running buffer to thehighest level.

Samples do not sink into the wells.

Residual gel storage buffer in the wells

Rinse the gel wells with ddH2O or 1X running bufferbefore loading.

Insufficient sample buffer

Use more sample buffer to prepare samples.

Current is zero and sample do not migrate into gel

Tape at bottom of gel not removed

Remove tape

Gels run faster or more slowly than expected.

Incorrect running buffer

Check buffer composition.

Use fresh 1X running buffer for inner chamber.

Crooked bands at middle or bottom of gel

Gel has been frozen or stored at wrong temperature.

Store Q-PAGE Precast Gels at 4°C.

Incorrect running buffer

Check buffer composition.

Use fresh 1X running buffer for inner chamber.

Band pattern curves toward one or both sides of gel.

Buffer leaking from the inner chamber

Check assembly of gels into the electrode modules.

Excessive heating of gel

Check buffer composition. Or dilute running bufferto 0.5-0.75X.

Do not exceed recommended running conditions.

Insufficient buffer in inner or outer buffer chamber

Fill inner and outer chambers to completely covergel wells.

Poor resolution or fuzzy bands

Excessive heating of gel

Check buffer composition.

Do not exceed recommended running conditions.

Incorrect running buffer

Check buffer composition.

Bands are missing on the membrane after Westerntransferring.

Proteins move in the wrong direction

Check the order of gel/membrane sandwich assembly,the direction of transfer cassette in transfer modules, and the polarity ofconnections to power supply.

Swirls or missing bands; bands trail off in multipledirections on the membrane after Western transferring.

Contact between the membrane and the gel was poor;Air bubbles or excess buffer remains between the blotting membrane andthe gel. 

Use thicker/more filter paper in the gel/membranesandwich

Remove air bubbles and excess buffer betweengel and membrane by carefully moving the roller over the membrane.

Apparent molecular sizes of prestained proteinmarkers are different as indicated.

Prestained protein markers used have not beencalibrated for use with Q-PAGE gels. Dyes for staining protein markers affect themigration patterns of prestained proteins in different buffer systems.

Calibrate prestained protein markers againstunstained proteins of known size or use SMOBIO’s ExcelBand™ Protein Markers.

 Q-PAGE™ Precast Gel 

Gel Type

Bis-Tris

TGN (Tris-Glycine-Novel)

Buffer systems

MOPS and MES

Tris-Glycine (Laemmli)

Features

Clear and sharp bands, high resolution

Quick running, clear bands

Cassette size

Mini Gel(10 x 8.3 cm)

Midi Gel(10 X 10 cm)

Mini Gel(10 x 8.3 cm)

Midi Gel(10 X 10 cm)

Electrophoresis system

Bio-Rad systems

Mini Gel Tank

Xcell SureLock,

Hoefer SE260

Bio-Rad systems

Mini Gel Tank

Xcell SureLock,

Hoefer SE260

Well format &

Capacity

12 wells,  25 μl/well

15 wells,22 μl/well

12 wells, 40 μl/well

15 wells, 28 μl/well

12 wells,  25 μl/well

15 wells,  22 μl/well

12 wells,  40 μl/well

15 wells,  28 μl/well

Gel percentage/

Cat. No.

8%

8%

8%

8%

10%

10%

10%

10%

QP2110

QP2120

QP3110

QP3120

QP4210

QP4220

QP5210

QP5220

12%

12%

12%

12%

4-15%

4-15%

4-15%

4-15%

QP2310

QP2320

QP3310

QP3320

QP4510

QP4520

QP5510

QP5520

4-12%

4-12%

4-12%

4-12%

 

 

 

 

QP2510

QP2520

QP3510

QP3520

 

 

 

 

Odoo - Sample 1 for three columns

ExcelBand™ Protein Markers

  • Ready-to-use— premixed with a loading buffer for direct loading, no need to boil

  • Broad range310 kDa to 5 kDa

  • Pre-stained bands for monitoring protein separation during electrophoresis and Western blotting transferring efficiency on membrane

  • Enhanced bands— for quick reference

Odoo - Sample 3 for three columns

YesBlot™ Western Marker I

  • Ready-to-use — no need of mixing or heating before sample loading

  • Direct visualization — 10 IgG-binding proteins for direct visualization on Western blots

  • Pre-stained bands — 4 pre-stained proteins for monitoring protein separation during electrophoresis and Western blotting transferring efficiency on membrane

  • Wide range — 10 clear bands from 15 to 200 kDa for size estimation

  • Quick reference — two enhanced bands (30 and 80 kDa)

Odoo - Sample 3 for three columns

FluoroStain™ Protein Fluorescent Staining Dye

  • Compatible to MASS analysis — compatible to the analysis of mass spectra, such as LC-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF, and etc.

  • High sensitivity — detection level achieve ~3 ng, similar to silver staining

  • Substitution of the Coomassie Blue protein staining method

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相关疾病:肿瘤1.研究热,易中标2.概念新、金额大3.肿瘤学一枝独秀,各学科略有涉及4.基础性研究胜于基础应用性研究5.阶梯格局,浙领风骚6.中青年专家领衔部分内容参考微......

有没有前辈从事外泌体的研究,想从细胞上清中提取外泌体,但是因为实验室条件的因素,无法超离血清,想请教一下培养细胞的话还有没有什么别的方法?万分感激!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

外泌体参与细胞间通讯,目前对外泌体的研究兴趣日益增长,小编整理一些外泌体相关的数据库,供研究者学习使用。


ExosomeDatabase

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http://www.microvesicles.org/

Acommunitycompendiumforextracellularvesicles

Vesiclepedia,amanuallycuratedcompendiumofmoleculardata(lipid,RNAandprotein)identifiedindifferentclassesofEVs.Currently,Vesiclepediacomprises35,264protein,18,718mRNA,1,772miRNAand342lipidentriesencompassedfrom341independentstudiesthatwerepublishedoverthepastseveralyears.

ExosomeGeneOntologyAnnotationInitiative

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA/exosome

Thisinitiative,undertakenbytheUniProtcuratorsattheEBI,involvesthemanualassignmentofGOannotationstohumanexosomalproteinsbycuratorsreADIngthescientificliteratureandassigningtotheproteinsGOtermsthatdescribetheirBIOLOGicalroles.CuratorsworkingonthisprojectarerequestingnewGOtermsspecifictoexosomeproteinbiologytofullycaptureliteraturefindings.

exoRBase--DatabaseofexosomalcircRNA、LncRNAandmRNA

http://www.exorbase.org/

exoRBaseisarepositoryofcircularRNA(circRNA),longnon-codingRNA(lncRNA)andmessengerRNA(mRNA)derivedfromRNA-seqdataanalysesofhumanbloodexosomes.Experimentalvalidationsfrompublishedliteraturearealsoincluded.

exoRBasefeaturestheintegrationandvisualizationofRNAexpressionprofilesbasedonnormalizedRNA-seqdataspanningbothnormalindividualsandpatientswithdifferentdiseases.

UrinaryExosomeProteinDatabase

https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/Exosome/

ThisdatabaseofurinaryexosomeproteinsisbasedonpublishedproteinmassspectrometrydatafromtheNHLBIEpithelialSystemsBiologyLaboratory(ESBL).Alldataarefromurinaryexosomesisolatedfromhealthyhumanvolunteers.

Thiscurrentdatabasecontainsproteinidentificationofhumanurinaryexosomesusingtwodifferentmassspectrometeranalyzers.

exRNAAtlas--DatabaseofexosomalRNA

http://exrna-atlas.org/

TheexRNAAtlasisthedatarepositoryoftheExtracellularRNACommunicationConsortium(ERCC),whichincludessmallRNAsequencingandRT-qPCR-derivedexRNAprofilesfromhumanandmousebiofluids.AllRNA-seqdatasetsareprocessedusingversion4oftheexceRptsmallRNA-seqpipelineandERCC-developedqualitymetricsareuniformlyappliedtothesedatasets.




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外泌体提取试剂盒试用装,免费申请请邮件至umibio@umibio.cn

想检测外泌体,老师让我联系我不知道怎么联系上这个技术,麻烦做过的大神指点一下。。。

写了外泌体RNA的中文综述,想投核心期刊,最好是容易接收,审稿费便宜的,求推荐一下,谢谢……

exosome,外泌体,是由细胞分泌到外周体液进行细胞间以及细胞与远程组织、器官之间进行信息交流的一种媒介。当前逐渐成为国际研究热点。目前国内刚刚起步,虽然研究成果较国外研究机构尚有不少差距,但已有迎头赶上之势。

外泌体只是胞外囊泡的一种,目前尚未有明确定论胞外囊泡中其它成分的功能。

为了跟随时代科学研究进步的步伐,我建议开通“胞外囊泡及外泌体”讨论区,以促进该领域的充分讨论和合作,弥补当前该领域讨论内容分散,资料不容易汇集等缺点。同时也为广大胞外囊泡及外泌体医学研究者提供一个更好的交流空间。

如何用癌细胞的细胞分泌外液中提取外泌体
小胶质细胞(microglia)是神经胶质细胞的一种,相当于脑和脊髓中的巨噬细胞,是中枢神经系统(CNS)中的第一道也是最主要的一道免疫防线。小胶质细胞大约占大脑中的神经胶质细胞的20%。小胶质细胞不停地清除着中枢神经系统中的损坏的神经,斑块及感染性物质。无数临床上和神经病理学研究表明激活的小胶质细胞在神经退化类疾病的发病机理中起到十分重要的作用,如帕金森病,多发性硬化和阿兹海默症等。但是过多激活或失控的小胶质细胞会引起神经毒性。他们是促炎因子和氧化应激的重要来源,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),一氧化氮,白介素等有神经毒性的物质
外泌体研究常见问题 123
棉子糖2016-09-21

上次课程有句话让楼主印象深刻,Exosomesaresecretedbyallmammaliancelltypesinculture.


那如何去选择我们的实验样本?取样的时候需注意些什么?外泌体又如何保存呢?

上周四刚好赶上中秋,GCBI公众号也放了个小假,小编回来后赶忙补上上周高老师讲的外泌体样本收集与保存的课程,视频详情请戳:

外泌体的分离方法介绍

你研究的是哪种样本,需要特别注意哪些方面呢?一起来看看高老师的建议吧。
1细胞培养上清

2血液

受限于样本,血样一般取2ml。

那血浆or血清

血浆=血液-血细胞

血清=血浆-纤维蛋白原-凝血因子


血清是血液凝固之后收集的液体,所以其中少了纤维蛋白原,凝血因子,以及多了很多凝血产物。纤维蛋白原可转化为纤维蛋白,具有凝血功能。


在凝血过程中血小板会分泌大量的外泌体,有研究发现血清中有接近50%的外泌体来自额外的分泌。


背后有啥解释呢?高老师在视频中有一一解答。


除了常见的细胞培养上清,血样,其他诸如唾液、鼻涕、尿液、乳汁及脑脊液如何收集呢?详情请戳视频。


课堂问答
1、微粒体和外泌体有什么区别?
微粒体是细胞破碎后,内膜系统的残体自发融合形成的小囊泡。外泌体是细胞分泌到胞外的直径为40-100nm的小囊泡,起源于内吞作用形成的内体。这两种小囊泡的起源和形成过程都不一样。
2、之前提取的外泌体忘记用PBS再洗一次,-80冻后1个月后再用PBS洗可以吗?

可以
3、采血后立即分离有没有文献支持?



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请教各位老师,提取外周血外泌体选择哪个产品的试剂得到试验结果比较好?请赐教,谢谢!

人类染色体组型分析实验_实验⽅法_123
高级山炮指挥部2018-02-07
我是山东大学生物系毕业的,毕业后一直在往外泌体方面研究,外泌体是一种细胞分泌的微小膜泡具有脂质双层膜结构,直径大约40至100纳米。外泌体中含有细胞特异的蛋白、脂质核酸,能作为信号分子传递给其他细胞,从而改变其他细胞的功能。目前能做面部抗衰的只有山东济南铂而斐集团
一项研究表明,肿瘤细胞通过释放外泌体,使受纳器官做好准备,形成转移灶。
癌细胞通过血液由起源部位传播扩散到远处器官是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。这个过程并不随机;相反,一些种类的癌症细胞会通过一系列分子程序,优先寻找特定器官,并在该处筑巢。这种寻找目的地的行为涉及到逃避原发肿瘤的癌细胞(有时也被称为“种子”)和目的器官处的微环境(或叫“土壤”)的互动。而Hoshino等人的研究发现,种子在到达之前,能通过名为外泌体的胞外囊泡来影响“土壤”,从而为肿瘤转移做好准备。
越来越多证据显示,原发肿瘤转移之前会有一系列的系统性反应,这些反应甚至促使了癌症的转移。这些反应可能包括:机体血管的复杂变化、凝血和炎症——例如,癌症相关的变化包括细胞种类、可溶性蛋白和血液中外泌体的变化。
Hoshino等人把外泌体定义为小小的,把蛋白质、脂质和核酸由一个细胞运输到另一个细胞的,可以随着血液传播到远端的胞外囊泡。外泌体在癌症研究领域引起了很多人的关注——因为一些细胞外囊泡携带致癌基因,促进癌症的形成和疾病进展。
外囊泡,包括外泌体,在转移微环境形成及为转移做准备过程的几个关键事件中起了重要作用,研究者们对此也研究了好几年。例如,黑色素瘤的小鼠模型中,外泌体和毛细管壁之间的互动引起血管通透性变化,使肿瘤细胞能从血管中逃逸,进入一个新位点。此外,外泌体能把致癌基因MET受体蛋白转移到循环的骨髓细胞中,从而改变其行为,为癌症转移做准备。胰腺癌模型中,血液中的外泌体把转移抑制因子蛋白转移到肝脏的库普弗免疫细胞(Kupffercell)上,引发一连串事件,促进转移微环境的形成。
虽然这些结果表明外泌体促进肿瘤转移,但外泌体是否和如何参与肿瘤的器官特异性转移方面的研究非常匮乏。为研究这一问题,Hoshino等人提出问题:优先转移至肺、肝、脑或骨的癌症细胞是否可能会在转移之前通过外泌体与这些器官进行互动。实验结果正是如此。把癌细胞的外泌体注射到小鼠体内,这些外泌体会滞留在癌细胞倾向于转移的器官中。此外,这些器官特异性的外泌体能与不同的细胞类型互动。例如,靶向肺的外泌体会粘附在肺内的内皮细胞上,而靶向肝脏的外泌体则会进入库普弗免疫细胞。
Hoshino等人把癌细胞的外泌体注入相同的细胞系中,证明了外泌体促进肿瘤的器官特异性转移。然后他们发现了一个有趣的现象——转移到肺部的乳腺癌细胞的外泌体能把另一类通常会转移到骨头的肿瘤细胞重定向到肺部。这一发现进一步证实肿瘤细胞的转移特征并不是自主的,而是由外部因素影响的。
Hoshino等人针对外泌体如何影响器官特异性转移提供了几点线索。他们发现,针对不同器官的外泌体拥有不同的细胞粘附受体蛋白,即细胞表面的整合素(integrin)。不同类型的外泌体会倾向性地进入拥有大量与其表面整合素对应的配体的器官中。例如,αVβ5整合素把外泌体定向到肝脏,而α6β4则定向到肺(图1)。此外,抑制胞外体的表达或整合素的表达,能抑制癌症转移。最后,Hoshino外泌体侵入目的器官时,会引起S100蛋白的合成,从而促进炎症和细胞迁移,并激活Src蛋白——这些都为癌症细胞的转移奠定基础。
图1为器官特异性转移做准备。a,外泌体从原发肿瘤的细胞中释放出来,进入血液,把蛋白质、脂质和核酸运输到身体远端的细胞中。Hoshino等人发现,不同肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体表面的整合素不同。整合素的类型决定了外泌体粘附的细胞类型。例如,整合素α6β4和α6β1在肺转移中起关键作用,而整合素αvβ5在肝转移中起关键作用。b,外泌体的内含物会引起目标器官的细胞变化,从而为癌症转移做准备。外泌体引导其来源癌细胞进入特定器官,促进肿瘤细胞发生器官特异性的转移和增殖。
这些重要发现扩大我们对肿瘤器官特异性转移的认识。然而,如何把这一认识转化为临床手段还需要更充分的研究。Hoshino等人证实了整合素的表达可以预测转移,指出外泌体整合素用于癌症诊断的潜能。他们的数据还表明,整合素抑制剂可能会减少特定器官癌症的转移。但在许多情况下,晚期癌症会扩散到多个器官,限制了器官特异性转移疗法的应用前景。
需要注意的是,肿瘤转移的分子通路(无论是外泌体依赖和独立的)可能非常多。因此,它们可能受很多相关因素影响:肿瘤细胞中的不同通路的激活、肿瘤中的一个特定分子亚型的出现,以及干预治疗等。例如,乳腺癌分子亚型之间的脑转移发生率不同,致癌蛋白ERBB2型乳腺癌,即使在ERBB2抑制剂有效治疗后,仍更倾向于转移到脑。科学家们不清楚的是,ERBB2抑制剂治疗是否会影响,以及如何影响器官倾向性的外泌体的释放。他们对这一课题的研究怀有极大兴趣。同样,炎症、凝血功能异常和其它癌症相关的生理变化可能会与外泌体的器官定向机制有关,因此在分析转移路径时,必须充分考虑这些因素。因此,不同类型的癌症中外泌体定向特定器官和影响“土壤”的机制还需要更充分的研究。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
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