TheD-Glucosetestkitcontains highpurityreagentsforthemeasurementandanalysisofD-glucoseincerealextractsandforuseincombinationwithotherMegazymekits.Grapeandwineanalysis:Oenologiststoexploitadvancedtestkits.Charnock,S.C.&McCleary,B.V.(2005).RevuedesEnology,117,1-5.LinktoArticleReadAbstractItiswithoutdoubtthattestingplaysapivotalrolethroughoutthewholeofthevinificationprocess.ToproducethebestpossIBLequalitywineandtominimiseprocessproblemssuchas“stuck”fermentationortroublesomeinfections,itisnowrecognisedthatifpossibletestingshouldbeginpriortoharvestingofthegrapesandcontinuethroughtobottling.TrADItionalmethodsofwineanalysisareoftenexpensive,timeconsuming,requireeitherelaborateequipmentorspecialistexpertiseandfrequentlylackaccuracy.However,enzymaticbio-analysisenablestheaccuratemeasurementofthevastmajorityofanalytesofinteresttothewinemaker,usingjustonepieceofapparatus,thespectrophotometer(seepreviousissueNo.116foradetailedtechnicalreview).Grapejuiceandwineareamenabletoenzymatictestingasbeingliquidstheyarehomogenous,easytomanipulate,andcangenerallybeanalysedwithoutanysamplepreparation.Megazyme“advanced”winetestkitsgeneralcharacteristicsandvalidation.Charnock,S.J.,McCleary,B.V.,Daverede,C.&Gallant,P.(2006).ReveuedesOenologues,120,1-5.LinktoArticleReadAbstractManyoftheenzymatictestkitsareofficialmethodsofprestigiousorganisationssuchastheAssociationofOfficialAnalyticalChemicals(AOAC)andtheAmericanAssociationofCerealChemists(AACC)inresponsetotheinterestfromoenologists.Megazymedecidedtouseitslonghistoryofenzymaticbio-analysistomakeasignificantcontributiontothewineindustry,bythedevelopmentofarangeofadvancedenzymatictestkits.Thistaskhasnowbeensuccessfullycompletedthroughthestrategicandcomprehensiveprocessofidentifyinglimitationsofexistingenzymaticbio-analysistestkitswheretheyoccurred,andthenusingadvancedtechniques,suchasmolecularBIOLOGy(photo1),torapidlyovercomethem.Noveltestkitshavealsobeendevelopedforanalytesofemerginginteresttotheoenologist,suchasyeastavailablenitrogen(YAN;seepages2-3ofissue117article),orwherepreviouslyenzymesweresimplyeithernotavailable,orweretooexpensivetoemploy,suchasforD-mannitolanalysis.EnhancedactivityofADPglucosepyrophosphorylaseandformationofstarchinducedbyAzospirillumbrasilenseinChlorellavulgaris.Choix.F.J.,Bashan,Y.,Mendoza,A.&de-Bashan,L.E.(2014).JournalofBiotechnology,177,22-34.LinktoArticleReadAbstractADP-glucosepyrophosphorylase(AGPase)regulatesstarchbiosynthesisinhigherplantsandmicroalgae.ThisstudymeasuredtheeffectofthebacteriumAzospirillumbrasilenseonAGPaseactivityinthefreshwatermicroalgaChlorellavulgarisandformationofstarch.Thiswasdonebyimmobilizingbothmicroorganismsinalginatebeads,eitherrepletewithordeprivedofnitrogenorphosphorusandallunderheterotrophicconditions,usingD-glucoseorNa-acetateasthecarbonsource.AGPaseactivityduringthefirst72hofincubationwashigherinC.vulgariswhenimmobilizedwithA.brasilense.Thishappenedsimultaneouslywithhigherstarchaccumulationandhighercarbonuptakebythemicroalgae.Eithercarbonsourcehadsimilareffectsonenzymeactivityandstarchaccumulation.StarvationeitherbyNorPhadthesamepatternonAGPaseactivityandstarchaccumulation.Underrepleteconditions,thepopulationofC.vulgarisimmobilizedalonewashigherthanwhenimmobilizedtogether,butunderstarvationconditionsA.brasilenseinducedalargerpopulationofC.vulgaris.Insummary,addingA.brasilenseenhancedAGPaseactivity,starchformation,andmitigationofstressinC.vulgaris.Invitrohypoglycemiceffectsofdifferentinsolublefiber-richfractionspreparedfromthepeelofCitrussinensisL.cv.LiuchengChau,C.F.,Huang,Y.L.&Lee,M.H.(2003).JournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry,51(22),6623-6626.LinktoArticleReadAbstractInsolublefiber-richfractions(FRFs),includinginsolubledietaryfiber,alcohol-insolublesolid,andwater-insolublesolid,wereisolatedfromthepeelofCitrussinensisL.cv.Liucheng.WefoundthatthesethreeFRFscouldeffectivelyadsorbglucose,retardglucosediffusion,andinhibittheactivityofα-amylasetodifferentextents.Thesemechanismsmightcreateaconcertedbenefitindecreasingtherateofglucoseabsorptionandeventuallylowertheconcentrationofpostprandialserumglucose.ThepotentialhypoglycemiceffectsoftheseFRFssuggestedthattheycouldbeincorporatedaslow-caloriebulkingredientsinhigh-fiberfoodstoreducecalorielevelandcontrolbloodglucoselevel.Dietaryfibersfrommushroomsclerotia:3.InvitrofermentABIlityusinghumanfecalmicroflora.Wong,K.H.,Wong,K.Y.,Kwan,H.S.&Cheung,P.C.K.(2005).JournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry,53(24),9407-9412.LinktoArticleReadAbstractTheinvitrofermentabilityofthreenoveldietaryfibers(DFs)preparedfrommushroomsclerotia,namely,Pleurotustuber-regium,Polyporousrhinocerus,andWolfiporiacocos,wasinvestigatedandcomparedwiththatofthecellulosecontrol.AllDFsamples(0.5geach)werefermentedinvitrowithahumanfecalhomogenate(10mL)inabatchsystem(totalvolume,50mL)understrictlyanaerobicconditions(usingoxygenreducingenzymeandunderargonatmosphere)at37°Cfor24h.AllthreenovelsclerotialDFsexhibitednotablyhigherdrymatterdisappearance(P.tuber-regium,8.56%;P.rhinocerus,13.5%;andW.cocos,53.4%)andorganicmatterdisappearance(P.tuber-regium,9.82%;P.rhinocerus,14.6%;andW.cocos,57.4%)whencomparedwiththoseofthecellulosecontrol.Nevertheless,onlytheW.cocosDFwasremarkablydegradedtoproduceconsiderableamountsoftotalshortchainfattyacids(SCFAs)(5.23mmol/gDFonorganicmatterbasis,witharelativelyhighermolarratioofpropionate)thatloweredthepHofitsnonfermentedresiduetoaslightlyacidiclevel(5.89).VariationsontheinvitrofermentabilityamongthethreesclerotialDFsmightmainlybeattributedtotheirdifferentamountsofinterwovenhyphaepresent(differentamountsofenzymeinaccessiblecellwallcomponents)aswellasthepossibledifferentstructuralarrangement(linkageanddegreeofbranching)oftheirβ-glucans.Potentialhypoglycaemiceffectsofinsolublefibresisolatedfromfoxtailmillets[Setariaitalica(L.)P.Beauvois].Bangoura,M.L.,Nsor‐Atindana,J.,Zhu,K.,Tolno,M.B.,Zhou,H.&Wei,P.(2013).InternationalJournalofFoodScience&Technology,48(3),496-502.LinktoArticleReadAbstractInsolublefibreswereisolatedfromthetwovarietiesoffoxtailmillet(whiteandyellow)grainsandevaluatedfortheirhypoglycaemiceffectsbyinvitrostudies.Thehypoglycaemiceffectsofthesefibreswerecomparedwiththoseofcommercialsoyinsolublefibre.Theresultsrevealedthatminimumandmaximumamountsofglucosewereadsorbedoneachsampleat10and200μmolg-1glucoseconcentrationsrespectively,indicatingthattheglucoseadsorptioncapacity(GAC)ofthefibrematerialswasproportionaltoglucoseconcentrationforallsamples.Therewassignificant(P

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