TheGlucomannantestkitissuitableforthemeasurementandanalysisofGlucomannaninplantproductsandfood.Measurementoftotalstarchincerealproductsbyamyloglucosidase-alpha-amylasemethod:collaborativestudy.McCleary,B.V.,Gibson,T.S.&Mugford,D.C.(1997).JournalofAOACInternational,80,571-579.LinktoArticleReadAbstractAnAmericanAssociationofCerealChemists/AOACcollaborativestudywasconductedtoevaluatetheaccuracyandreliABIlityofanenzymeassaykitprocedureformeasurementoftotalstarchinarangeofcerealgrainsandproducts.Thefloursampleisincubatedat95degreesCwithThermostablealpha-amylasetocatalyzethehydrolysisofstarchtomaltodextrins,thepHoftheslurryisadjusted,andtheslurryistreatedwithahighlypurifiedamyloglucosidasetoquantitativelyhydrolyzethedextrinstoglucose.Glucoseismeasuredwithglucoseoxidase-peroxidasereagent.Thirty-twocollaboratorsweresent16homogeneoustestsamplesas8blindduplicates.Thesesamplesincludedchickenfeedpellets,whitebread,greenpeas,high-amylosemaizestarch,whitewheatflour,wheatstarch,oatbran,andspaghetti.Allsampleswereanalyzedbythestandardprocedureasdetailedabove;4samples(high-amylosemaizestarchandwheatstarch)werealsoanalyzedbyamethodthatrequiresthesamplestobecookedfirstindimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).Relativestandarddeviationsforrepeatability(RSD(r))rangedfrom2.1to3.9%,andrelativestandarddeviationsforreproducibility(RSD(R))rangedfrom2.9to5.7%.TheRSD(R)valueforhighamylosemaizestarchanalyzedbythestandard(non-DMSO)procedurewas5.7%;thevaluewasreducedto2.9%whentheDMSOprocedurewasused,andthedeterminedstarchvaluesincreasedfrom86.9to97.2%.Measurementofcarbohydratesingrain,feedandfood.McCleary,B.V.,Charnock,S.J.,Rossiter,P.C.,O’Shea,M.F.,Power,A.M.&Lloyd,R.M.(2006).JournaloftheScienceofFoodandAgriculture,86(11),1648-1661.LinktoArticleReadAbstractProceduresforthemeasurementofstarch,starchdamage(gelatinisedstarch),resistantstarchandtheamylose/amylopectincontentofstarch,β-glucan,fructan,glucomannanandgalactosyl-sucroseoligosaccharides(raffinose,stachyoseandverbascose)inplantmaterial,animalfeedsandfoodsaredescribed.Mostofthesemethodshavebeensuccessfullysubjectedtointerlaboratoryevaluation.AllmethodsarebasedontheuseofenzymeseitherpurifiedbyconventionalchromatographyorproducedusingmolecularBIOLOGytechniques.Suchmethodsallowspecific,accurateandreliablequantificationofaparticularcomponent.Problemsincalculatingtheactualweightofgalactosyl-sucroseoligosaccharidesintestsamplesarediscussedindetail.ChemicalcompositionandphysicochemicalpropertiesoftuberasalepproducedfromsomeOrchidaceaespecies.Tekinşen,K.K.&Güner,A.(2010).FoodChemistry,121(2),468-471.LinktoArticleReadAbstractSalepsamplesobtainedfrom10differentOrchidaceaespp.,namelyDactylorhizaosmanicavar.osmanica,Ophrysmammosa,Orchisanatolica,Orchiscoriophora,Orchisitalica,Orchismorio,Orchispalustris,Orchissimia,OrchistridentataandSerapiasvomeraceassp.orientalis,inAnatolia,wereanalyzedformoisture,glucomannan,starch,protein,ashcontents,pHandviscosityvalues.Dependingonthespecies,thesamplesshowedstatisticallysignificantdifferencesinglucomannan,starchandviscosityvalues.ItwasobservedthatthesalepsamplesobtainedfromthetubersofO.italica,O.morio,O.anatolicaandO.tridentataandS.vomeraceassp.orientalis,respectively,hadhigherglucomannancontentsandviscosities.Toensureasupplyofhigh-qualitysalep,theuncontrolledcollectionoftubersfromthewild,especiallythespeciesO.italica,O.morioandO.anatolica,shouldbeprevented,andresearchintomethodsofcultivationshouldbecarriedout.StructureandbioactivityofthepolysaccharidesinmedicinalplantDendrobiumhuoshanense.Hsieh,Y.S.-Y.,Chien,C.,Liao,S.K.-S.,Liao,S.F.,Hung,W.T.,Yang,W.B.,Lin,C.C.,Cheng,T.J.R.,Chang,C.C.,Fanga,J.M.&Wong,C.H.(2008).Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry,16(11),6054-6068.LinktoArticleReadAbstractDetailedstructuresoftheactivepolysaccharidesextractedfromtheleafandstemcellwallsandmucilageofDendrobiumhuoshanensearedeterminedbyusingvarioustechniques,includingchromatographic,spectroscopic,chemical,andenzymaticmethods.ThemucilagepolysaccharideexhibitsspecificfunctionsinactivatingmurinesplenocytestoproduceseveralcytokinesincludingIFN-γ,IL-10,IL-6,andIL-1α,aswellashematopoieticgrowthfactorsGM-CSFandG-CSF.However,thedeacetylatedmucilageobtainedfromanalkalinetreatmentfailstoinducecytokineproduction.Thestructureandbioactivityofmucilagecomponentsarevalidatedbyfurtherfractionation.ThisisthefirststudythatprovidesclearevidenceforthestructureandactivityrelationshipofthepolysaccharideinD.huoshanense.MethodologiesfortheextractionandanalysisofkonjacglucomannanfromcormsofAmorphophalluskonjacK.Koch.Chua,M.,Chan,K.,Hocking,T.J.,Williams,P.A.,Perry,C.J.&Baldwin,T.C.(2012).CarbohydratePolymers,87(3),2202-2210.LinktoArticleReadAbstractHerewepresentacomparisonofcommonlyusedmethodologiesfortheextractionandquantificationofkonjacglucomannan(KGM).Compositionalanalysisshowedthatthepurifiedkonjacflour(PKF)producedusingamodifiedextractionprocedurecontained92%glucomannan,withaweightaveragemolecularweight(Mw),polydispersityindex(PDI)anddegreeofacetylation(DA)of9.5±0.6×105gmol-1,1.2and2.8wt.%.Thesedata,plusFourier-transforminfraredspectral(FTIR)andzeroshearviscosityanalysesoftheextract(PKF)wereallconsistentwiththeliterature.ComparisonofthreeexistingmethodologiesforthequantitativeanalysisoftheKGMcontentofthePKF,namely3,5-dinitrosalicylicacid(3,5-DNS),phenol–sulphuricacidandenzymaticcolorimetricassays;indicatedthatthe3,5-DNScolorimetricassaywasthemostreproducIBLeandaccuratemethod,withalinearcorrelationcoefficientof0.997forsamplesrangingfrom0.5to12.5mg/ml,andrecoveriesbetween97%and103%acrossthreespikinglevels(250,500and750μg/g)ofstarch.Thesedataprovidethebasisofimprovedgoodlaboratorypractice(GLP)forthecommercialextractionandanalysisofthismultifunctionalnaturalpolymer.Rheologicalpropertiesandstructuralcharacterizationofsalepimprovedbyethanoltreatment.Kurt,A.&Kahyaoglu,T.(2015).Carbohydratepolymers,133,654-661.LinktoArticleReadAbstractGlucomannanisthemainandimportantconstituentofsalep.Theothercontentsarecalledasimpurities.Inthisstudy,theremovalofthemwasachievedbyethanoltreatmenttoincreasesalepquality(40%,50%,60%,and70%).Thehighestglucomannanandthelowestimpuritiescontentsweresucceededwiththe40%ethanoltreatment(SF40).ApparentviscosityofSF40increasedabout5foldsascomparedwithnativesalep.SF40alsohadhigherintrinsicviscosity[η]andlowercriticalconcentration(C*)thanothersamples.TheimprovedmolecularentanglementbetweenglucomannanchainsweredemonstratedwithincreasedBerrynumberCx[η].Thestorage(G′)andloss(G″)modulispectraofSF40werefoundhigherwithinthewholerangeoffrequencyandtemperature.Thissimpleethanolprocesscouldbeusedasapromisingmodificationmethodforimprovingthepropertiesofsalep.UV-methodforthedeterminationofGlucomannaninplantproducts,foodstuffsandothermaterialsPrinciple:                  (β-mannanase)(1)Ac-Glucomannan+H2O→Ac-glucomanno-oligomers                          (pH12.5)(2)Ac-Glucomanno-oligomers+H2O→glucomanno-oligomers                                         +acetate                (β-glucosidase+β-mannosidase)(3)Glucomanno-oligomers+H2O→D-glucose+D-mannose                        (hexokinase)(4)D-glucose/D-mannose+ATP→G-6-P/M-6-P+ADP   (glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase)(5)G-6-P+NADP+→gluconate-6-phosphate+NADPH+H+   (phosphomannoseisomerase)(phosphoglucoseisomerase)(6)M-6-P       →       F-6-P       →       G-6-PKitsize:                           50assaysMethod:                          Spectrophotometricat340nmTotalassaytime:             120minDetectionlimit:                1-100%ofsampleweightApplicationexamples:Jellysweets,cosmetics,foodgumsandothermaterialsMethodrecognition:     NovelmethodAdvantagesVerycosteffective Onlyenzymatickitavailable Simpleformat Allreagentsstablefor>2yearsafterpreparation Mega-Calc™softwaretoolisavailablefromourwebsiteforhassle-freerawdataprocessing Standardincluded

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