Description:TLR2,Human,mAbTL2.1,functionalstudyantibody,lowendotoxinThemonoclonalantibodyTL2.1recognizeshumanToll-likereceptor2(TLR2,CD282).Toll-likereceptors(TLR)arehighlyconservedthroughoutevolutionandareinvolvedintheinnatedefencetomanypathogens.InDrosophilatollisrequiredfortheanti-fungalresponse,whiletherelated18-wheelerisinvolvedinantibacterialdefences.Inmammals,TLRsareidentifiedastypeItransmembranesignalingreceptorswithpatternrecognitioncapABIlities.Theyhavebeenimplicatedintheinnatehostdefencetopathogens.TLR2isexpressedonmacrophages,smoothmuscle,lung,spleen,thymus,brainandADIposetissue.TLR2hasbeenidentifiedasareceptorthatiscentraltotheinnateimmuneresponsetolipoproteinsofGram-negativebacteria,severalwholeGram-positivebacteria,aswellasareceptorforpeptidoglycanandlipoteichoicacidandotherbacterialcellmembraneproducts.AfunctionalinteractionbetweenTLR2andTLR6inthecellularresponsetovariousbacterialproductshasbeendiscovered.TLR2cooperateswithLY96tomediatetheinnateimmuneresponsetobacteriallipoproteinsandothermicrobialcellwallcomponents.ItcooperateswithTLR1tomediateteinnateimmuneresponsetobacteriallipoproteinsorlipopeptides.ItactsviaMYD88andTRAF6,leadingtoNF-κ-Bactivation,cytokinesecretionandtheinflammatoryresponse.TLR2alsopromotesapoptosisinresponsetolipoproteins.Bacterialspeciesasdiverseasmycobacteria,spiRochetes,mycoplasma,S.aureus,BBurgdorferi,Tpallidum,MfermentansandStreptococcuspneumoniaehaveallbeenshowntomediatecellularactivationviaTLR2.ThemonoclonalantibodyTL2.1isaTLR2functionblockingantibodythatisusefulforstudiesontheroleofTLR2asapatternrecognitionreceptorinmicrobialproductsinducedcytokineproductionbyTLR2bearingcellssuchashumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcellsSpecifications:CatalognumberHM2064-FSProducttypeMonoclonalantibodiesQuantity0.5mgFormulation0.5mgof0.2μmfilteredproteinGpurifiedantibodysolutioninPBSwithaconcentrationofatleast0.5mg/ml(exactconcentrationisindicatedonthelabel).Theendotoxinconcentrationis<24EU/mg,determinedwithHIT302LALAssay.ApplicationFlowcytometry,Frozensections,Functionalstudies,Immunofluorescence,Immunoprecipitation,Paraffinsections,WesternblotApplicationNotesFC:2 µgantibodyper300000cells;untreatedaswellas0.4%formaldehydefixedcellscanbeused;donotpermeabilizethecellsoruse4%faraformaldehydeasfixative!(Ref5)IF:HMECswerefixedwith4%paraformaldehydeinPBS,permeabilizedandblockedbeforestaining;antibodyconcentrationused5-10 µg/mlW:peripheralbloodmononuclearcells;non-reduced;1 µg/mlantibody;size~90kDaF:fixedinacetone;3%H2O2forblockadeofendogenousperoxidases;humantonsilsaspositivecontrol(useful,butcloneTL2.3(HM2066)ispreferred;Ref2)P:HOPE-fixed;alveolarepithelialcellstypeIIinhumanlungaspositivecontrol;1 µg/mlantibodyfor16hrat4 °C(Ref4)IP:lysedmonocyteswereimmunoprecipitatedwithantibody-conjugatedSepharose;size~90kDa(Ref2)FS:1 µg/5x107cells;antibodyblocksTNFarelease(inducedbybacteria)fromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(Ref1)UseDilutionstobeuseddependondetectionsystemapplied.Itisrecommendedthatuserstestthereagentanddeterminetheirownoptimaldilutions.Thetypicalstartingworkingdilutionis1:50.ImmunogenRecombinanthumanTLR2producedbytheCHO/CD14reportercelllineIsotypeMouseIgG2aSpeciesHumanCrossreactivityCanine-Yes,Cynomolgusmonkey-Yes,Monkey-Yes,Rhesusmonkey-YesAliasToll-Likereceptor2,CD282,TLR2Genename:TLR2PositiveControlPeripheralbloodmononuclearcells,granulocytesandmonocytes.References1.Lien,Eetal;Toll-likereceptor2functionsasapatternrecognitionreceptorfordiversebacterialproducts.JBiolChem1999,274:334192.Flo,Tetal;DifferentialexpressionofToll-likereceptor2inhumancells.JLeukocBiol2001,69:4743.Faure,Eetal;BacteriallipopolysaccharideandIFN-γinduceToll-likereceptor2andToll-likereceptor4expressioninhumanendothelialcells:roleofNF-κBactivation.JImmunol2001,166:20184.Droemann,Detal;Toll-likereceptor2isexpressedbyalveolarepithelialcellstypeIIandmacrophagesinthehumanlung.HistochemCellBiol2003,119:1035.Burgener,Ietal;AntibodiesspecificforhumanormurineToll-likereceptorsdetectcanineleukocytesbyflowcytometry.VetImmunolImmunopathol2008,124;1846.Elsori,Detal;ProteinkinaseCisacriticalcomponentofDectin-1signalinginprimaryhumanmonocytes.JLeukocBiol2011,90:5997.Gaudreault,Eetal;TAK1contributestotheenhancedresponsivenessofLTB4-treatedneutrophilstoToll-likereceptorligands.Int.Immunol2012,24:6938.Imamura,Yetal;Salivaryhistatin3inhibitsheatshockcognateprotein70-mediatedinflammatorycytokineproductionthroughtoll-likereceptorsinhumangingivalfibroblasts.JInflamm2014,11:4StorageandstabilityProductshouldbestoredat4 °C.Underrecommendedstorageconditions,productisstableforatleastoneyear.TheexactexpirydateisindicatedonthelabelPrecautionsForresearchuseonly.Notforuseinoronhumansoranimalsorfordiagnostics.Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertocomplywithalllocal/stateandfederalrulesintheuseofthisproduct.HycultBiotechisnotresponsIBLeforanypatentinfringementsthatmightresultfromtheuseorderivationofthisproduct.DiseaseInfectiousdiseases